Lap 1 study guide Honors World History

Two latest homonids of the Old Stone Age.

Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens.

Two biological adaptions made in the OSA

Opposable Thumbs, Walking Upsright.

Two technoligical achievements to adapt to their enviroment in the OSA.

Tools made from stone, Use of fire.

four benefits of controlling fire.

warmth, food/cooking, light, defense

Cultural achievements of the OSA

Art, Religion/Rituals

why we believe Neanderthals were the first hominids to have religion

They buried their dead, their belief of an afterlife.

type of hominids (Latin) modern people are today

homo sapien sapiens

what historical period began with the Agricultural Revolution and when

The Neolithic period (NSA) , around 8,000 BC

how increased food production led to the beginning of civilizations

Surplus of food→better diet→longer lifespan→ more people

where the earliest civilizations began and the 1 st four civilizations

SW Asia, Egypt, India, China

four benefits for civilizations in river valleys

Irrigation, fertile soil, transportation/travel, food

three early city states of ancient Sumer

Ur, Urk, Babylon

ways Sumerians fit the characteristics of civilization

P -monarchy, city-states, E -AG and trade, R -polytheistic, S -clear social divisions, I -calendar, wheel, sail, plow, ziggurats, A -cuniform, Epic of Gilgamesh

how Sumerians solved the problems of few resources, flooding, no barriers

trade, irrigation, built walled cities

the oldest example of literature we’ve found, so far

Epic of Gilgamesh

List four scientific/ technological inventions of the Sumerians

wheel, plow, cuniform, irrigation systems

who established the first empire and how

Sargon of Akkad, conquered Sumer

the purpose of Hammurabi’s Law Code and why important to us today

Tool to unify his empire, important b/c its a foundation for our laws now.

the phrase most associated with Hammurabi’s Law Code

“eye for and eye, tooth for a tooth”

two founders of Judaism and their roles

Abraham migrated from Ur to Cannan, Moses leads Israelites out of Egypt into Promise Land.

four religious contributions of the Hebrews to us today

Mono- Yahweh, 10 commandments, Temple, Torah

the greatest contribution of the Phoenicians to us today and its importance

The alphabet which we still use today

the capitals/ locations of the Assyrians and the Persians

Assyrian empire-northern Mesopotamia, Persian empire-Iran, Susa, Persepolis, Babylon

List strategies and technologies used by the Assyrians to gain their empire

Siege tactics + terrorism, deportation

Assyrians main cultural contribution to us today

Libraries preserved ancient learning

which early empire was the largest in Mesopotamia and how big

Persian empire, most of the middle east.

ways the Persians united their empire/ developed trade

Royal Road, coined money

VOCAB- Paleolithic

The Old Stone Age

VOCAB- Neolithic

The New Stone Age

VOCAB- Polytheism

belief in many gods

VOCAB- ziggurat

a temple

VOCAB- hominids

a human and other creatures that walk upright

VOCAB- AG Rev

the changes in heman life resulting from the begining of farming

VOCAB- artisans

a skilled worker

VOCAB- cultural diffusion

the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another

VOCAB- nomads

someone who moves around often and wanders in search for food

VOCAB- domestication

the process of taming an animal or the cultivation of a plant for food

VOCAB-city-state

a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit

VOCAB- satraps

a province governor

VOCAB- Cro-Magnons

early group of homosapiens

VOCAB- Fertile Crescent

region from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf, good for farming

VOCAB- cuniform

system of writing