Interpersonal communication

Interaction adaption theory

People adapt communication to behavior of others based on nonverbal communication given to us

Interactional synchrony

Mirroring a partners verbal and nonverbal behavior

Ekman and Friesen’s five categories for nonverbal communication codes

Emblems(ok, thumbs up), Illustrators(intensify verbal), Affect Displays(show emotions),Regulators(control interactions), Adaptors(quirks that make us feel more comfortable)

Constructive Conflict

Conflict provides new insights and establishes new relationship patterns

Destructive conflict

Differences are viewed from a win-lose perspective and manifesta into destructive behaviors

Different stages of conflict

Source(prior conditions), Beginning(frustration awareness), Middle(active conflict), End(resolution), Aftermath(follow up)

Misconception about conflict 1

Conflict is always a sign of poor interpersonal communication

Misconception about conflict 2

Conflict can always be avoided

Misconception about conflict 3

Conflict always occurs because of misunderstandings

Misconception about conflict 4

Conflicts can always be resolved

Pseudoconflicts

Misunderstandings that can be cleared up

How can we minimize misunderstandings?

check our perceptions, look and listen between the lines, establish supportive climate for conversation

What are the power sources in conflict?

Legitimate(authority), referent(carisma), expert(knowledge), reward, coercive

How can we use power in conflicts?

Persuading or negotiating

Avoidance

demand-withdraw conflict approach where conflict is entirely avoided by a party.

What are some pros for the conflict avoidance types?

Allows for time to process the situation and saves face

What are the cons for conflict avoidant types?

Can be perceived as uncaring and the conflict is not resolved

Accomidating

Lose-win approach in conflict

What are the pros of the accomodating conflict type?

Shows that the party is reasonable and wants to help

What are the cons for the accomodating conflict type?

Own needs are sacrificed, people will take advantage of you, may also result in a pseudoconflict

Competition

Win-lose conflict style

What are the pros of the competitive conflict style?

Getting results your own way and can get others away from harm

What are the cons of the competitive conflict style?

involves blaming/seeking a scapegoat and threats are often used

Compromise

lost,win-lose,win conflict style for conflict where the solution somewhat meets the needs of everyone

What are the pros of the compromise conflict approach?

Can be used for a quick temporary resolution and helps everyone save faceW

What are the cons of compromise conflict type?

Often no person feels entirely pleased

Collaboration

Conflict is approached with an other oriented strategy solve problems

What are the pros of the collaboration approach to conflict?

all parties are involved in shaping the outcome and it affirms the value of the relationship

What are the cons of a collaborative conflict style?

not an easy or quick process and high skill, patience, and energy is needed

Predicted Value Outcome Theory

Initial interactions determine benefits and future outcome

Relational Dialectics theory

Management of tensions (autonomy, predictability, open/closedness)

Social penetration theory

Movement toward intimacy based on self disclosure

Complimentary needs

People are attracted to those who balance or complete them

Complementary relationship

Power is divided unevenly

symmetrical relationship

Behave toward power the same way. Can be either competitive or submissive

Parallel Relationship

Both shift in power evenly

Stages of relational escalation

Preinteraction awareness, acquaintances, exploration, intensification, intimacy

Preinteraction Awareness

passive strategies to gain info

Acquaintances

Superficial talk to casual banter

Exploration

Share more in depth info, limited physical touch

Intensification stage

Self confirmation, riskier self disclosure, more time together

Intimacy

Intimate disclosure, highly personal communication, define and discuss relationship

What role does proximity have on relationships?

Can be a source of initial attraction. Likely to establish relationship with those in proximity to you

What are the sources of initial and long term attraction?

competence, self disclosure, reciprocation of liking, similarities, differences and complimentary needs

Friendship based intimacy

Based on warmth and compassion

Passion based intimacy

Based on romance and sexual expectations

Intergenerational relationships

Likely casual with very significant age differences because of special effort required to maintain these relationships

Interracial relationships

Factors such as cultural similarities and differences, opportunities to socialize, prior intercultural experiences, and targeted socializing can affect the development of these relationships

Triagular theory of love

Intimacy at the top, Passion to the left, Commitment to the right

Companionate is between Intimacy and commitment, Romantic love is between intimacy and passion, Fatuous love is between commitment and passion, consummate love is in the middle of all of these

What are the strategies to initiate a relationship?

Observe and act on approachability cues, Identify and use conversation starters, Follow initiation norms, Ask questions

Lee’s 6 types of love

Eros(sexual), ludus(immediate gratification), sturge(families/friendship), mania(obsessive love), pragma (practical), agape(spiritual)

Secret test

Deliberate behavior to assess feelings and commitment

Natural or nuclear

Spouse and kids

Extended

Includes aunts and uncles

Blended

Previously divorced parents with kids previously

Single-parent

One parent and child

Family of origin

Family we grew up with

Voluntary (fictive) kin

Family that are not biologically related to you

circumplex model of family interaction

Families can range between: Adaptability (Ranges from rigid (low) to chaotic (high)), Cohesion (Ranges from disengaged (low) to enmeshed (high)) Communication (Impacts both adaptability and cohesion)

Family Communication Patterns model

Consensual families (high conversation, high conformity)
Pluralistic families (high conversation, low conformity)
Protective families (low conversation, high conformity)
Laissez-faire families(low conversation, low conformity)

What are the 4 types of married couples?

Traditional (lots of time together), Independent(give space),separate (poor conflict management), mixed (depends on the person)

Pelz effect

Subordinates feel more satisfied in their jobs the more their supervisors are able to influence higher-level decisions

Upward communication

Subordinates to superiors

Downward Communication

Information flowing from upper to lower ranks

Horizontal Communication

Talking to your colleagues

Relational de-escilation stages

Turmoil and stagnation, deintensification,individualization,separation, post separation effects