LECTURE 2

what are the 4 basic tissue types

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

which of the following is not true about tissues?
a. they are the basic building blocks of life
b. they are collections of cells
c. they are basic functional units of the body and organs
d. nervous tissues are one of the types of tissues
e. they are basic functional units of the body and organs

a

which tissue covers exposed surfaces and form glands?

epithelial tissues

which tissue supports and connects tissues?

connective tissue

what are the 4 types of connective tissue

connective tissue
cartilage
bone
blood

which tissue is the contractile tissue?

muscle tissue

which tissue receives, transmits, and integrates information outside and inside the body?

nervous tissue

true or false - only the ectoderm and endoderm give rise to epithelia.

false - all three

oral and nasal mucosae, cornea, epidermis of skin, glands of the skin, and mammary glands

ectoderm

urinferous tubules of the kidney, lining of the male and female reproductive systems, endothelial lining of the circulatory system,, and mesothelium of body cavities

mesoderm

liver, pancreas, lining of the respiratory and GI tract

endoderm

epithelium is bound together by

junctional complexes

contiguous cells forming sheets covering or lining the body

epithelium

separates the epithelium from the CT

basement membrane

basement membrane is composed of

basal lamina and lamina reticularis

synthesizes BM

epithelial and CT

basal lamina is secreted by

epithelial cells

reticular lamina is secreted by

CT fibroblasts

epithelium is (avascular/vascular)

avascular

where does the epithelium get its nourishment and oxygen

diffusion through BM from CT

two structural forms of epithelium

surface and glandular

sheets of contiguous cells

surface epithelia

covers external and internal surfaces

surface epithelia

clusters of cells from invaginated epithelial cells

glandular epithelia

polarized

epithelium - has apical and basal surface

CT and BM can be seen with

light microscope

mitotic cells of the epithelium is close to

CT

two classifications of epithelium

simple and stratified

one layer of cells

simple epithelia

how are simple epithelia classified?

shape

more than one layer of cells

stratified epithelia

only basal layer is attached to the BM

stratified epithelia

how are stratified epithelia classified?

shape of top layer

flat, scale-like thin cells with flat nuclei

simple squamous

most common epithelium

simple squamous

lines blood and lymphatic vessels

endothelium

endothelium

simple squamous

lines cavities of body

mesothelium or serosa

mesothelium

simple squamous

fx) ion/gas exchange, diffusion, filtration

simple squamous

square cells with round nuclei

simple cuboidal

lines glands, gland ducts

simple cuboidal

long columnar cells with oblong nuclei

simple columnar

lines stomach, intestines, gall bladder, female reproductive system

simple columnar

messy columnar cells with oval/oblong nuclei at different levels

pseudostratified

lines respiratory system, male reproductive system

pseudostratified

multilayers with surface cells flat with nuclei

stratified squamous, nonkeratinized

lining of oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, vagina, cornea

stratified squamous, nonkeratinized

multilayered with flat surface cells without nuclei

stratified squamous keratinized

epidermis of skin, hard palate

stratified squamous keratinized

multilayered with surface cells ranging from round to somewhat flat

transitional epithelium

multilayer with columnar surface cells

stratified columnar

multilayer with cuboidal surface cells

stratified cuboidal

areas changing from stratified type to a simple epithelium

stratified columnar and stratified cuboidal

lines urinary system

transitional

urothelium

epithelium that lines the urinary system

epithelium in relaxed bladder

(transitional) stratified cuboidal

epithelium in full/stretched bladder

(transitional) stratified squamous

what type of collagen is associated with the basal lamina

type IV

what type of collagen is associated with the reticular lamina

type III

what secretes reticular lamina

CT fibroblasts

basal lamina proteins

type IV collagen
laminin
entactin
perlecan

whats linked to the perlecan core protein

heparin sulfate glycosaminoglycan

motile finger-like structures

cilia

type of filament associated with cilia

microtubules/tubulin

structures of cilia

axoneme and basal body

9+2 doublets of microtubules in shaft

axoneme

9 triplets of microtubules

basal body

locations of cilia

respiratory system
female reproductive system
male reproductive system
CSF

disease where cilia is incapable of normal movement

primary ciliary dyskinesia

primary ciliary dyskinesia - mutation in

dynein arms

result of ciliary dyskinesia

bronchitis, sinusitis
immotile sperm
more ectopic pregnancies

kartagener syndrome

immotile cilia; primary ciliary dyskniesia

stiff, brush-like structure

microvilli

filament associated with microvilli

actin/microfilaments

fx of microvilli

increase SA, usually for absorption

striated border

microvili in the small intestines

brush border

microvilli in the kidney nephron

stereocilia

microvilli in male reproductive system (very long)

loss of microvilli in the small intestine leads to malabsorption disease

celiac disease

several types of junctions together

junctional complex

what do junctions join together

epithelial cells

what are junctional complexes referred to when visible in the LM or EM

terminal bar

belt or zone encircling a cell

zonula

spot

macula

types of junctional complexes

tight junction
intermediate junction
desmosome
gap junction

complete fusion btwn adjacent CM

tight jx

most apical of jx

tight jx

blocks passage of molecules btwn cells, ensures that material crossing the epithelium in either direction must go through the cell

tight jx

basis of blood tissue barriers

tight jx

divides CM into apical and basolateral domains

tight jx

dense area with actin filaments and proteins of cadherin family and completely encircles cell

intermediate jx

anchors actin filaments including terminal web to CM

intermediate jx

stabilizes cytoskeleton and nearby tight jx

intermediate jx

what cell jxs are present in cardiac muscle

* intermediate jx
* desmosome
* gap jx

what cell jx are present in cardiac and smooth msucles

* desmosomes
* gap jx

keratin in epithelium

intermediate filaments/tonofilaments

intermediate filaments inserted into electron dense plaques

desmosome

cell jx with strong spot attachment

desmosome

strong cell attachment to keep cells from pulling apart

desmosome