Coding Khan Academy Test

integer

whole number, 5

float

decimal number, 21.4

string

text in quotes, “hi”

boolean

true/false

+ - * **

addition, subtraction, multiplication, exponentiation

/

float division

will have decimals

40/4 is 10.0

//

floor division, no decimals and rounding

41//4 is 10

%

modulus

remainder

41 % 4 = 1

assignment statement

stores a value in a variable

high_score = 10

print(x)

displays value x

input(x)

prompts the user

abs(x)

returns absolute value

round(x)

returns x rounded to nearest integer

round(x,y)

returns x rounded to yth decimal place

min(x,y)

returns smallest of values

max(x,y)

returns largest of values

len(x)

returns number of characters in string

typecasting

converting values from one data type to another

int() converts number to integer

float() converts it to a float

str() converts value to string

bool() converts to boolean

==

equal to

! =

not equal to

< > <= >=

less than

greater than

less than or equal to

greater than or equal to

and

is true if both conditions evaluate to true

or

is true if at least one conditions is true

not

is true if condition is false

if

starts a conditional

elif

branch of conditional

chains a condition onto an existing conditional

computer checks each branch until it finds a true one and executed it, skipping other branches left over

else

ends a conditional, used to fulfill other remaining cases

only if all other cases are false is it executed

import

import random

used to load an external module into a python file

to call it, write module name with . before writing function

random.randint(1,6)

while loops

repeats a block of code as long as condition is true

for loops

repeats for a specific amount of time

uses range function:

for count in range(6):

break

exits a loop early

execution skips remaining lines

continue

skips to next loop iteration, jumping to top

function

named block of code that performs a specific task

only executed when the function is called

some have return statements, others have print

to create, do: def function(parameters):

to call it: use name and parentheses and input arguments

add_tax(receipt)

lists

ordered collection or sequence of elements

can be any type of data, separated by commas

organize with brackets

indexing

describes an element based on its position in the list

location

first is always 0

last can be found with len(list) - 1

len determines number of items in an object, or list in this case

list = [1, 2, 3]

print(len(list))

result is 3

slicing

subset of list using start and end index

start is inclusive, end is exclusive

scores = [1, 2, 3, 4]

top_scores = scores[0:3]

top_scores= [1, 2, 3]

list assignment

updates element at specific index (location)

dress_colors = [“blue”, “red”, “green”]

dress_colors[2] = “brown”

dress_colors = [“blue”, “red”, “brown"]

in operator

checks if specific element exists in a list

evaluates to True or False

if “blue” in dress_colors:

(indent) print(“Yes”)

list iteration

for loops can iterate over every element of a list in order

will print the list out

iteration by index requires range, starting at 0 to end of list

for i in range

used to create a loop that iterates for a certain amount of itmes

for i in range(start, stop, step):

do the code

for i in range(2, 10, 2)

print(I)

you will get 2 4 6 8 printed

append(element)

adds element to end of list

insert(i, element)

inserts element at index I, only shifting, not replacing

pop()

removes last item of list

pop(I)

removes element at certain spot, NOT a specific value

upper()

makes characters uppercase

lower()

makes characters lowercase

strip()

removes leading or trailing spaces from a string

strip(chars)

removes leader or trailing chars from a string

split()

splits string based on spaces in a list of words

split(chars)

splits a string based on chars in a list of words

join(list)

inserts the string between each part of a list and connects it all into one string

remove()

removes the value in the parenthesis from the list