Phys Sci Reviewer (Based off of the Quizizz)

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Ptolemy's Model

An astronomical model that assumed planets moved at constant speeds and required adjustments known as epicycles.

Newton's Second Law

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied and inversely proportional to its mass.

Velocity-time graph

The area under this graph represents displacement.

Kepler's First Law

States that planetary orbits are ellipses with the Sun at one focus.

Inertia

The property of an object to remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Gravitational force

The force that keeps planets in orbit around the Sun.

Free fall

When an object falls towards Earth, experiencing an acceleration of approximately 9.8 m/s².

Galileo's telescope

Allowed observations that contradicted Aristotle's claims that celestial bodies were perfect.

Eratosthenes

Measured Earth's circumference using the angles of shadows cast at different latitudes.

Circular orbit

An orbit that maintains a constant distance from the center, where the gravitational pull from the central body provides the necessary centripetal force.

Escape velocity

The minimum velocity an object requires to break free from a planet's gravitational attraction.

Momentum

The product of an object's mass and its velocity, which is conserved in the absence of external forces.

Orbital speed

The speed at which an object travels along its orbit, varying with distance from the central body.

Gravity assist

A technique used to gain speed by passing close to a massive body.

Weightlessness

The sensation experienced by astronauts in orbit as they are in free fall towards Earth.

Elliptical orbit

An oval-shaped path that a planet follows around the Sun, as described by Kepler's laws.

Mass and distance

Factors that affect the strength of gravitational attraction between two objects.

Air resistance

A force that opposes the motion of an object through the air, affecting falling objects.