Chapter 5: Primate Classification

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Flashcards covering the classification and characteristics of primates, including types of mammals, dental formulas, diets, locomotion, and primate groups.

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29 Terms

1
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What is the focus of the chapter on primates?

The study of nonhuman primates to understand their classification and differences from other mammals.

2
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What are monotremes?

Egg-laying mammals like echidnas and duck-billed platypuses.

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What are marsupials?

Mammals like koalas, kangaroos, and opossums that carry their young in a pouch.

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What are placental mammals?

Mammals that give live birth and typically have more complex brains.

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Approximately how old is the order Primata?

Primates are estimated to be around 91,000,000 years old.

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What are primitive traits?

Traits inherited from a direct ancestor.

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What are derived traits?

Recently changed traits, which can be shared or unique to a species.

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What are generalized traits?

Multi-purpose traits, such as having five digits.

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What are specialized traits?

Specialized traits, such as the dental comb in lemurs for grooming.

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What are some common traits among primates?

Convergent eyes in the front, a postorbital bar, and reliance on vision over smell.

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What is the purpose of the postorbital bar?

The eye orbit is entirely enclosed in bone for protection.

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What is trichromatic color vision?

The ability to see multiple different colors.

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What does pentadactyly mean?

Having five digits on hands and feet.

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What does it mean to be a heterodont?

Different kinds of teeth including incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

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What is the human dental formula?

Two incisors, one canine, two premolars, three molars.

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Who are frugivores?

Primates that primarily eat fruit, typically having bigger, broader molars.

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Who are insectivores?

Primates that primarily eat insects, typically having very pointed molars.

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Who are folivores?

Primates that primarily eat leaves, typically having broad molars with shearing crests.

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What are the four ways primates move?

Vertical clinging and leaping, bipedalism, quadrupedalism, and brachiation.

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What is quadrupedalism?

Walking on all fours.

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What is brachiation?

Swinging from arm to arm, typical of apes.

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What are strepsirrhines?

The wet patch on nose; include lemurs and lorises.

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What are haplorhines?

Dry noses; include tarsiers, platyrrhines, and catarrhines.

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What are platyrrhines?

New World monkeys with flat noses and outward-facing nostrils.

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What are catarrhines?

Monkeys with downward-facing nostrils, found in Africa and Asia.

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What is sexual dimorphism?

Size difference between males and females.

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Who are cercopithecoids?

African and Asian monkeys that tend to be larger and sexually dimorphic, with ischial callosities.

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What are ischial callosities?

Pads on the rear for sitting, found in cercopithecoids.

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How do Orangutans behave differently from other great apes?

Orangutans are solitary in the wild and don't learn socially like other great apes.