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Where was Hitler born?
Austria-Hungary
How was Hitler involved in the war?
To escape the war but volunteered for Germany for purpose in life
What happened to Hitler in the War?
Saw action in Battle of Somme and reached lance coroporal. He was temporarily blinded by a gas attack and was angered by the surrender.
What was DAP?
German Workers’ Party.
Who led the DAP?
Anton Drexler
What were policies of the DAP?
Volkisch- belief of pure German people
How did Hitler join the DAP?
While undercover, he made a speech out of angry against a DAP speaker and was asked to join.
What Hitler’s role in DAP?
He was responsible for recruitment and propaganda around Dolchstoss, Treaty of Versailles, hate for Weimar and Armistice politicians and hate for jews.
What was the Twenty-Five point programme?
Political manifesto consisting of Racist, Socialist, Nationalist and Fascist ideas.
What was NSDAP?
National Socialist German Workers’ Party
How did NSDAP gain party members?
Hitler’s speeches spread influence and attracted more to meetings
What did increased membership do?
NSDAP bought and published its own newspaper and made Hitler leader in July 1921
Who were the SA?
Protection squads for Nazi Speakers
What did the 25-point programme want?
Nullify the TofV, stop democracy and get rid of Jews
What was Lebensraum?
Expansion of German territory to house the population
What were the Nationalist points of 25-point programme?
Lebensraum, Building up Military strength and only allowing Aryans to be German citizens
What were the Socialist points of 25-point programme?
Nationalising industries, all citizens had equal rights, support for mothers and children and giving every man employment
Who led the SA?
Ernest Röhm
What were long-term causes of the Munich Putsch?
Treaty of Versailles
Dolchstoss
Weak Weimar Republic
Copying Mussolini’s right-wing overthrowing and dictatorship
What were short-term causes of the Putsch?
Occupation of the Ruhr 1923
Hitler meeting Ludendorff
What happened on the 8th November?
600 SA troops threatened government leaders in Bavaria forcing support onto them.
Röhm took control of the local police and army headquarters
How many people attended the Putsch?
1,000 SA members and 2,000 volunteers
What happened on the 9th of November?
4 police and 16 Nazis were killed and Hitler fled
What happened on the 11th November 1923?
Hitler was discovered and arrested for high treason
What were the consequences of the Munich Putsch?
Hitler was sentenced for five years in Landsberg and Nazi Party was banned until 1927
What were long-term consequences of the Putsch?
Trial gave Nazi’s publicity and Hitler publicity
What was Mein Kampf?
Book outlining his political objectives like destroying democracy, Lebensraum and inferiority of Jews
What did Hitler learn from the failure?
He had to gain power politically not by rebellion
When where the Lean Years?
1919-1923
Why did the Nazis suffer in the Lean Years?
The republic was succeeding and no need for the extremism of the Nazis
What happened to the Nazi’s and democracy in 1924-1928?
Decreased from 32-12 but had increased membership
Why did Hitler reorganise the Party?
To maximise support and to make him central as he was the charismatic leader
When was the Bamberg conference?
1926
Why was the Bamberg conference held?
To resolve tensions between Northern (socialist leaning) and Southern (nationalist leaning)
What was Fuhrerprinzip?
Complete authority and not toleration for any opposition
What did Hitler say at Bamberg Conference?
The socialist parts of the 25-point programme would not be followed
What was the effect of the Wall Street Crash in Germany?
Banks stopped lending money, industries had to fire workers and in 1932, 40% of workers were unemployed.
Why did the government fail?
Müller and Brüninh could not improve German economy and did increase unemployment benefits
What was Hindenburg’s response?
Bypassed the Reichstag with Article 48 weakening the Republic
Why did people turn to Extremism?
To solve unemployment
Why was their increased support of communism?
Communism thrives in working class and poverty
Why did support for Nazi’s increase?
Hitler’s personality and intimidation tactics
What was in Nazi Propaganda?
Hitler Cult presented him as a Saviour
Volksgemeinschaft- restoring traditional values and Aryan community
Anti-semtism blaming Jews for Great Depression
How did Hitler’s message appeal to working class?
Nazis would:
Solve the Great Depression
Give Employment and food
Protection from communists that could seize land
How did Nazi’s appeal to Middle class?
They would stop communism and return to tradition
How did Nazi’s appeal to women?
They would prioritise family and home
How did Nazi’s appeal to Youth?
They were an exciting movement
How much did Nazi succeed?
In 1928-1932, votes went from 2.6% to 37%
Who were the DNVP?
Conservative political party controlled by Hugenberg who was a media entrepreneur
What was the political situation in 1932?
No stable leadership and Hindenburg had been re-elected
What was the Chancellor situation in May-July 1932?
Brüning was replaced by Von papen. Hitler demanded to be chancellor but was refused, despite the Nazis being the largest party
What happened in December 1932?
Von Papen resigned and was replaced by von Schleicher but he didn’t have support.
What was von Papen and Hindenburg pact?
Hitler and the Nazi should be used to create a political majority and to make Hitler Chancellor
What was the aim of the Pact?
To overpower Hitler in control
Why did the Pact fail?
Hitler was too charismatic and they doubted his power
When was Hitler made Chancellor?
January 1933
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