GSCE Weimar and Nazi Germany

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KEY TOPIC TWO

56 Terms

1
Where was Hitler born?
Austria-Hungary
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2
How was Hitler involved in the war?
To escape the war but volunteered for Germany for purpose in life
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3
What happened to Hitler in the War?
Saw action in Battle of Somme and reached lance coroporal. He was temporarily blinded by a gas attack and was angered by the surrender.
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4
What was DAP?
German Workersā€™ Party.
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5
Who led the DAP?
Anton Drexler
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6
What were policies of the DAP?
Volkisch- belief of pure German people
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7
How did Hitler join the DAP?
While undercover, he made a speech out of angry against a DAP speaker and was asked to join.
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8
What Hitlerā€™s role in DAP?
He was responsible for recruitment and propaganda around Dolchstoss, Treaty of Versailles, hate for Weimar and Armistice politicians and hate for jews.
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9
What was the Twenty-Five point programme?
Political manifesto consisting of Racist, Socialist, Nationalist and Fascist ideas.
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10
What was NSDAP?
National Socialist German Workersā€™ Party
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11
How did NSDAP gain party members?
Hitlerā€™s speeches spread influence and attracted more to meetings
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12
What did increased membership do?
NSDAP bought and published its own newspaper and made Hitler leader in July 1921
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13
Who were the SA?
Protection squads for Nazi Speakers
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14
What did the 25-point programme want?
Nullify the TofV, stop democracy and get rid of Jews
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15
What was Lebensraum?
Expansion of German territory to house the population
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16
What were the Nationalist points of 25-point programme?
Lebensraum, Building up Military strength and only allowing Aryans to be German citizens
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17
What were the Socialist points of 25-point programme?
Nationalising industries, all citizens had equal rights, support for mothers and children and giving every man employment
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18
Who led the SA?
Ernest Rƶhm
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19
What were long-term causes of the Munich Putsch?
  • Treaty of Versailles

  • Dolchstoss

  • Weak Weimar Republic

  • Copying Mussoliniā€™s right-wing overthrowing and dictatorship

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20
What were short-term causes of the Putsch?
  • Occupation of the Ruhr 1923

  • Hitler meeting Ludendorff

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21
What happened on the 8th November?
  • 600 SA troops threatened government leaders in Bavaria forcing support onto them.

  • Rƶhm took control of the local police and army headquarters

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22
How many people attended the Putsch?
1,000 SA members and 2,000 volunteers
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23
What happened on the 9th of November?
4 police and 16 Nazis were killed and Hitler fled
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24
What happened on the 11th November 1923?
Hitler was discovered and arrested for high treason
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25
What were the consequences of the Munich Putsch?
Hitler was sentenced for five years in Landsberg and Nazi Party was banned until 1927
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26
What were long-term consequences of the Putsch?
Trial gave Naziā€™s publicity and Hitler publicity
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27
What was Mein Kampf?
Book outlining his political objectives like destroying democracy, Lebensraum and inferiority of Jews
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28
What did Hitler learn from the failure?
He had to gain power politically not by rebellion
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29
When where the Lean Years?
1919-1923
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30
Why did the Nazis suffer in the Lean Years?
The republic was succeeding and no need for the extremism of the Nazis
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31
What happened to the Naziā€™s and democracy in 1924-1928?
Decreased from 32-12 but had increased membership
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32
Why did Hitler reorganise the Party?
To maximise support and to make him central as he was the charismatic leader
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33
When was the Bamberg conference?
1926
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34
Why was the Bamberg conference held?
To resolve tensions between Northern (socialist leaning) and Southern (nationalist leaning)
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35
What was Fuhrerprinzip?
Complete authority and not toleration for any opposition
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36
What did Hitler say at Bamberg Conference?
The socialist parts of the 25-point programme would not be followed
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37
What was the effect of the Wall Street Crash in Germany?
Banks stopped lending money, industries had to fire workers and in 1932, 40% of workers were unemployed.
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38
Why did the government fail?
MĆ¼ller and BrĆ¼ninh could not improve German economy and did increase unemployment benefits
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39
What was Hindenburgā€™s response?
Bypassed the Reichstag with Article 48 weakening the Republic
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40
Why did people turn to Extremism?
To solve unemployment
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41
Why was their increased support of communism?
Communism thrives in working class and poverty
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42
Why did support for Naziā€™s increase?
Hitlerā€™s personality and intimidation tactics
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43
What was in Nazi Propaganda?
  • Hitler Cult presented him as a Saviour

  • Volksgemeinschaft- restoring traditional values and Aryan community

  • Anti-semtism blaming Jews for Great Depression

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44
How did Hitlerā€™s message appeal to working class?

Nazis would:

  • Solve the Great Depression

  • Give Employment and food

  • Protection from communists that could seize land

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45
How did Naziā€™s appeal to Middle class?
They would stop communism and return to tradition
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46
How did Naziā€™s appeal to women?
They would prioritise family and home
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47
How did Naziā€™s appeal to Youth?
They were an exciting movement
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48
How much did Nazi succeed?
In 1928-1932, votes went from 2.6% to 37%
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49
Who were the DNVP?
Conservative political party controlled by Hugenberg who was a media entrepreneur
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50
What was the political situation in 1932?
No stable leadership and Hindenburg had been re-elected
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51
What was the Chancellor situation in May-July 1932?
BrĆ¼ning was replaced by Von papen. Hitler demanded to be chancellor but was refused, despite the Nazis being the largest party
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52
What happened in December 1932?
Von Papen resigned and was replaced by von Schleicher but he didnā€™t have support.
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53
What was von Papen and Hindenburg pact?
Hitler and the Nazi should be used to create a political majority and to make Hitler Chancellor
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54
What was the aim of the Pact?
To overpower Hitler in control
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55
Why did the Pact fail?
Hitler was too charismatic and they doubted his power
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56
When was Hitler made Chancellor?
January 1933
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