Russian Revolution of 1905

Revolution of 1905

A series of events in Russia marked by widespread unrest and demands for political reform.

Constitutional Democratic Party

A liberal political party advocating for constitutional government and parliamentary reforms.

Social Revolutionary Party

A political party focused on agrarian reform and representing the interests of the peasantry.

Social Democratic Party

A political party divided into factions (Mensheviks and Bolsheviks) advocating for workers' rights and socialism.

Popular Unrest

Actions taken by peasants and workers, including land trespassing and factory strikes, indicating growing discontent.

Tsar Nicholas II

The autocratic ruler of Russia during the 1905 Revolution, resistant to reforms and viewed challenges as unpatriotic.

Russo-Japanese War

A conflict that exposed the Russian government's incompetence and contributed to national shame.

Father Gapon

A priest who organized factory workers and presented their grievances to the Tsar during Bloody Sunday.

Bloody Sunday

A peaceful protest where troops fired on demonstrators, leading to widespread outrage and political strikes.

Soviets

Workers' councils formed in major cities to organize strikes and direct revolutionary movements.

October Manifesto

A document issued by Tsar Nicholas II promising a constitution and the establishment of a Duma in response to unrest.

Duma

A legislative body created after the October Manifesto, intended to provide some representation but with limited powers.

General Strike of 1905

A massive strike initiated by the St. Petersburg Soviet that paralyzed the country and forced concessions from the Tsar.

Black Hundreds

A reactionary nationalist group supporting autocracy and opposing revolutionary movements through violence.

Stolypin Reforms

Agrarian reforms aimed at strengthening private land ownership among peasants to counter revolutionary movements.

Kulaks

Wealthier peasants who emerged as a new class due to Stolypin's reforms, causing resentment among poorer peasants.

Assassination of Stolypin

The killing of Prime Minister Stolypin in 1911, highlighting the ongoing violence and political instability in Russia.

Pravda

A socialist newspaper established by the Bolsheviks in 1912, reflecting growing political dissent in Russia.

Westernization

The process of adopting Western-style reforms in Russia, including industrialization and limited political freedoms.

Decline of Revolutionary Movements

A trend observed before World War I, where revolutionary groups, including the Bolsheviks, lost support and faced internal challenges.