CNS Overview and Neuron Structure

Flashcards covering key concepts and functions of the central nervous system and neuron structure based on the lecture notes.

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

What is the function of effector organs in the nervous system?

Effectors receive output signals and produce responses.

What are the two types of cells in the Central Nervous System?

Neurons and neuroglia.

What is the role of neurotransmitters?

They are chemical messengers that transmit electrical impulses from a neuron to another cell.

What is the main function of the sensory division in the PNS?

To carry incoming information from sensory receptors to the CNS.

What is the role of interneurons?

They act as linkers between sensory and motor neurons within the CNS.

What does gray matter primarily consist of in the brain?

Collections of neuron cell bodies.

What is the significance of the axon hillock in a neuron?

It is the site where the action potential is triggered.

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

To insulate axons and increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

What distinguishes unipolar neurons from bipolar neurons?

Unipolar neurons have a single elongated process and are typically found in ganglia outside the CNS.

What major structures are located in the brainstem?

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

What is the composition of motor fibers within spinal nerves?

They carry both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) axons.

What is the role of the cerebellum?

To coordinate voluntary movements and maintain balance.

How does myelin affect conduction speed in neurons?

Myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons.

What are the three layers of meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.