English Civil War

Charles I

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which he was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 1649

English Civil War

civil war in England between the Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and the Royalists (Cavaliers) under Charles I

Oliver Cromwell

English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War, then became "Lord Protector" of England

Magna Carta

legal document written by English lords in 1215 that stated certain rights and was the first time the power of the King was limited

Petition of Rights

(1628) Document that limited the power of Charles I of England. a) could not declare martial law; b) could not collect taxes; c) could not imprison people without cause; d) soldiers could not be housed without consent.

English Restoration

(1660-1688) Restoration of the monarchy in England, marked the return of Charles II as king after the period of Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth

Commonwealth Period

(1649-1660) New period where a new government was formed under Oliver Cromwell. The House of Lords and monarchy are abolished and England is declared a republic.

Charles II

(1660-1685) Stuart king during the Restoration, following Cromwell's Commonwealth, called the Merry Monarch

James II

(1633-1701) the last Stuart to be king of England and Ireland and Scotland; Catholic; overthrown in the Glorious Revolution (1688)

Glorious Revolution

In this bloodless revolution, the English Parliament and William and Mary agreed to overthrow James II for Protestantism. This led to a constitutional monarchy and the drafting of the English Bill of Rights.

constitutional monarch

monarch's power is limited, must share power with Parliament

English Bill of Rights

To make clear the powers of England's monarchy in 1689, the English Parliament drafted a list of things that they could not do like no taxing without permission from Parliament.

William & Mary

William and Mary were the Protestant rulers who ascended to the throne of England after the Glorious Revolution, symbolizing the transition to constitutional monarchy.