HUMANISTIC, OPEN SYSTEMS, AND SYSTEM THEORIES

Theory X assumes employees are:
A. Self-motivated and enjoy work
B. Lazy and avoid work
C. Growth-oriented
D. Intrinsically motivated

B. Lazy and avoid work

Theory Y assumes employees are:
A. Negative and avoid responsibility
B. Self-motivated and seek growth
C. Motivated only by punishment
D. Resistant to feedback

B. Self-motivated and seek growth

Which concept explains that employees act in ways consistent with managers’ expectations?
A. Self-actualization
B. Self-fulfilling Prophecy
C. Equity Theory
D. Motivation-Hygiene Theory

B. Self-fulfilling Prophecy

In Theory X, the primary motivation is:
A. Intrinsic satisfaction
B. Extrinsic rewards and punishment
C. Personal growth
D. Job enrichment

B. Extrinsic rewards and punishment

In Theory Y, employees are primarily motivated by:
A. Extrinsic rewards
B. Intrinsic satisfaction and growth
C. Fear of punishment
D. Authority control

B. Intrinsic satisfaction and growth

Which management style aligns with Theory X?
A. Participative
B. Authoritarian and controlling
C. Laissez-faire
D. Democratic

B. Authoritarian and controlling

Which management style aligns with Theory Y?
A. Authoritarian and controlling
B. Open and participative
C. Passive management
D. Punitive supervision

B. Open and participative

Open System Theory views organizations as:
A. Closed entities isolated from the environment
B. Interacting with their external environment
C. Focused solely on internal policies
D. Static and unchanging

B. Interacting with their external environment

Which is an example of input in Open System Theory?
A. Employee skills and raw materials
B. Finished products
C. Feedback reports
D. Entropy

A. Employee skills and raw materials

Throughput in Open System Theory refers to:
A. Resources entering the system
B. Transformation processes converting inputs to outputs
C. Products released to the environment
D. Feedback from stakeholders

B. Transformation processes converting inputs to outputs

Which of the following is an output in Open System Theory?
A. Human resources
B. Raw materials
C. Services and products delivered
D. Input data

C. Services and products delivered

Feedback in Open System Theory:
A. Has no effect on system adaptation
B. Provides information on outputs to improve processes
C. Only affects external environment
D. Refers to employee appraisal only

B. Provides information on outputs to improve processes

Permeable boundaries in Open System Theory mean:
A. Inputs and outputs are blocked
B. Flexible boundaries allow exchange with the environment
C. The system is rigid
D. Only internal processes matter

B. Flexible boundaries allow exchange with the environment

Equifinality in Open System Theory refers to:
A. Reaching the same final state from different initial conditions
B. Inevitability of entropy
C. Fixed procedures for outputs
D. The same input always produces the same output

A. Reaching the same final state from different initial conditions

Entropy in an organizational system refers to:
A. Growth and development
B. Tendency towards disorder and decay
C. Feedback adaptation
D. Dynamic equilibrium

B. Tendency towards disorder and decay

Negative Entropy (Negentropy) is:
A. The natural decay of systems
B. Importing more resources than expended to grow and maintain order
C. Avoiding change
D. Ignoring external inputs

B. Importing more resources than expended to grow and maintain order

Dynamic Equilibrium (Homeostasis) refers to:
A. Complete system stasis
B. Maintaining stable functioning by adapting to environmental changes
C. Entropy increase
D. Eliminating feedback

B. Maintaining stable functioning by adapting to environmental changes

Which of the following is a characteristic of open systems?
A. Closed boundaries
B. Rigid transformation process
C. Interaction with the environment
D. Ignoring feedback

C. Interaction with the environment

System Theory views organizations as:
A. Isolated units with independent functions
B. Interdependent components forming a social system
C. Static collections of employees
D. Mechanistic machines

B. Interdependent components forming a social system

In System Theory, which element represents employees’ individual traits influencing their participation?
A. Small Group
B. Individuals
C. Formal Organization
D. Physical Setting

B. Individuals

Which part of System Theory provides the structure of jobs and relationships?
A. Individuals
B. Small Groups
C. Formal Organization
D. Physical Setting

C. Formal Organization

The component that emphasizes that employees interact and do not work in isolation is:
A. Individuals
B. Small Group
C. Status and Role
D. Physical Setting

B. Small Group

Differences in jobs and roles that define behavior in an organization correspond to:
A. Individuals
B. Formal Organization
C. Status and Role
D. Physical Setting

C. Status and Role

Physical Setting in System Theory refers to:
A. Technology and external environment
B. Job responsibilities
C. Employee attitudes
D. Management philosophy

A. Technology and external environment

Open System Theory’s throughput is most similar to which organizational concept?
A. Inputs like raw materials
B. Feedback loops
C. Transformation processes converting resources into outputs
D. System boundaries

C. Transformation processes converting resources into outputs

Which scenario illustrates Self-fulfilling Prophecy?
A. A manager expects laziness

employees become disengaged
B. Employees receive unexpected bonuses
C. Company invests in new technology
D. Feedback is ignored

A. A manager expects laziness

employees become disengaged

Theory X managers are most likely to:
A. Encourage autonomy and creativity
B. Closely monitor work and impose strict rules
C. Delegate decision-making
D. Focus on employee self-development

B. Closely monitor work and impose strict rules

Theory Y managers are most likely to:
A. Punish non-compliance
B. Encourage participation and intrinsic motivation
C. Focus only on financial rewards
D. Avoid employee interaction

B. Encourage participation and intrinsic motivation

A company that continuously adjusts its processes based on customer feedback demonstrates:
A. Closed System
B. Dynamic Equilibrium in Open System
C. Entropy
D. Theory X Management

B. Dynamic Equilibrium in Open System

Importing more energy

resources than expended to grow is an example of:
A. Entropy
B. Negentropy
C. Homeostasis
D. Self-fulfilling Prophecy

In Open System Theory, outputs include:
A. Raw materials
B. Employee training programs
C. Products, services, and information
D. Organizational boundaries

C. Products, services, and information

Equifinality suggests:
A. Only one pathway leads to success
B. Organizations can reach the same goal through multiple ways
C. Change is impossible
D. Inputs must be identical to achieve results

B. Organizations can reach the same goal through multiple ways

A company using flexible boundaries to interact with suppliers illustrates:
A. Closed system
B. Permeable boundaries in Open System
C. Entropy
D. System Theory’s Small Group

B. Permeable boundaries in Open System

Which theory emphasizes the relationship between individuals and the organization as a social system?
A. Open System Theory
B. System Theory
C. Theory X
D. Humanistic Theory

B. System Theory

In System Theory, small groups are important because:
A. They reduce need for management
B. Employees cannot work in isolation and influence each other
C. They replace formal structures
D. They control physical settings

B. Employees cannot work in isolation and influence each other

Which of the following demonstrates Theory Y assumptions?
A. Employees must be forced to work
B. Employees avoid responsibility
C. Employees seek responsibility and growth
D. Employees resist change

C. Employees seek responsibility and growth

A system importing resources, transforming them, and sending outputs to customers is applying:
A. Theory X
B. Open System Theory
C. Theory Y
D. Humanistic Theory

B. Open System Theory

Which part of System Theory represents technology and workplace environment?
A. Status and Role
B. Physical Setting
C. Formal Organization
D. Individuals

B. Physical Setting

A manager believes employees will rise to challenges if given autonomy. This reflects:
A. Theory X
B. Theory Y
C. Open System Theory
D. System Theory

B. Theory Y

Which concept explains that different starting points can lead to the same organizational goal?
A. Equifinality
B. Negentropy
C. Entropy
D. Homeostasis

A. Equifinality

An organization experiences natural decay due to lack of input. This is an example of:
A. Negentropy
B. Entropy
C. Dynamic Equilibrium
D. Equifinality

B. Entropy

Which principle highlights that feedback from the environment guides system improvement?
A. Throughput
B. Input
C. Feedback
D. Status and Role

C. Feedback

Humanistic Theory emphasizes:
A. Profit maximization only
B. Employee motivation and interpersonal relationships
C. Strict management control
D. Closed system operations

B. Employee motivation and interpersonal relationships

Which scenario is an example of an open system interacting with its environment?
A. Ignoring market trends
B. Adapting products based on customer feedback
C. Fixing outputs without change
D. Restricting employee communication

B. Adapting products based on customer feedback

In System Theory, “Formal Organization” is best described as:
A. Individual employee traits
B. The structured pattern of jobs forming the system
C. External market inputs
D. Small group dynamics

B. The structured pattern of jobs forming the system

A manager who expects employees to underperform and enforces strict rules demonstrates:
A. Theory Y
B. Self-fulfilling Prophecy and Theory X
C. System Theory
D. Open System Theory

B. Self-fulfilling Prophecy and Theory X

Which is NOT a characteristic of an open system?
A. Permeable boundaries
B. Feedback
C. Interaction with environment
D. Complete isolation

D. Complete isolation

The ultimate purpose of organizations in System Theory is to:
A. Ignore environmental changes
B. Reach stability, grow, and adapt
C. Focus solely on formal rules
D. Eliminate employee creativity

B. Reach stability, grow, and adapt

Which scenario best illustrates dynamic equilibrium?
A. Ignoring customer complaints
B. Continuously adjusting operations to market shifts
C. Refusing new inputs
D. Letting processes decay

B. Continuously adjusting operations to market shifts

A company integrates external resources, transforms them, and delivers services efficiently. This represents:
A. System Theory
B. Open System Theory
C. Theory X
D. Theory Y

B. Open System Theor