Differential Reinforcement Concepts

Flashcards covering vocabulary related to differential reinforcement concepts and practices.

Differential Reinforcement

An operant training procedure where some behaviors are systematically reinforced while others are not.

DRL

Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding; reinforcement is delivered for a low rate of a behavior.

DRH

Differential Reinforcement of High Rates of Responding; reinforcement is delivered for a high rate of a behavior.

DRO

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior; reinforcement is contingent upon the absence of a target behavior.

DRA

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior; reinforcement of a desired behavior while putting the undesired behavior on extinction.

Full-Session DRL

Reinforcement is delivered if fewer than a specified number of responses occur in an entire session.

Spaced-Responding DRL

Reinforcement is delivered if a set amount of time passes between responses.

Interval DRL

Session divided into time intervals; reinforcement is delivered if the behavior does not occur more than once per interval.

Contingent

Dependent on or conditional upon; in reinforcement terms, it means the reinforcement is given based on specified criteria being met.

Extinction

A decrease in behavior when reinforcement is withheld.

Superstitious Behavior

Behavior that occurs due to mistakenly associating an action with a reinforcement.

Functional Assessment

A systematic approach to identifying the factors that maintain a behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

The removal of an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior.

Maintenance

Processes that support the continued occurrence of a behavior following initial learning.

Generalization

The occurrence of behavior in different environments or with different people after it has been learned.

Prompting

Assisting the learner to show the desired behavior through guidance, cues, or reminders.

Effective Reinforcer

A stimulus that increases the likelihood of a desired behavior when presented after that behavior.

Preference Assessment

A method to determine potential reinforcers by observing choices made by an individual.

Single Stimulus Assessment

Each potential reinforcer is presented individually and approached/selected to assess preference.

Paired Stimulus Assessment

Potential reinforcers are presented in pairs to determine which is preferred more often.

Multiple Stimulus Assessment without Replacement

Reinforcers are presented in a full array, and once chosen, they are removed from the array.

Attention Delivered

Providing reinforcement in the form of attention to increase a desired behavior.

Self-Injurious Behavior (SIB)

Behaviors where the subject causes harm to themselves as a result of certain stimuli or contexts.

Functional Communication Training

Training that replaces problem behavior with a communication response to request needs effectively.

Incompatible Behavior

A behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the undesired behavior, leading to a reduction in the latter.

Communication Response

A verbal or non-verbal action that is reinforced to address the individual's needs rapidly.

Behavior Maintenance

Continued reinforcement and strategies to ensure behavior persists after initial learning.

Extinction Procedure

The method of withholding reinforcement to decrease an undesired behavior.

Treatment Implementation

The process of applying behavioral techniques to bring about change in behavior.

Behavioral Feedback

Providing responses or consequences following a behavior to influence future occurrences.

Reinforcement Schedule

The frequency and pattern of delivering reinforcers to maintain desired behavior.

Antecendent

An event or stimulus that occurs before a behavior and can influence its occurrence.

Contiguity

The principle that states reinforcement should occur closely in time to the desired behavior for effectiveness.

Response Rate

The frequency of a particular behavior over a specified time period.

Low Rate of Responding

A situation in which a behavior occurs infrequently within a given time frame.

High Rate of Responding

A scenario where a behavior occurs frequently within a given time frame.

Zero Responding

The complete absence of a target behavior during a specified period.