Psychology

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Define Psychology

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23 Terms

1

Define Psychology

Studying behavior and mental processes SCIENTIFICALLY

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2

Self-report

participants provide information about themselves (emotions) ex: Q+A, survey or questionnaire

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3

Measures of overt behavior scale

A tool for measuring challenging behaviors following the scale (Verbal aggression, Physical aggression against objects, Physical aggression against self, Physical aggression against other people)

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4

Psychological Test

a systematic procedure or observing a person's behaviour or emotions. Ex: IQ test

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5

Physiological Measures

Physical reactions or proccess like harmon level, sweating, HR and BP

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6

Sample

A sample is a subset of the population that was used in the study. The findings from our sample will generalize to describe our population.

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7

Representative Sample

The characteristics of the sample reflect the characteristics of the population proportionally

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8

Random sampling

Way of disseminating the survey so that each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate

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9

Stratify Sampling

researchers divide subjects into subgroups called strata based on characteristics that they share

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10

Population

All the people we want to draw conclusions about

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11

Surveys: Operational Definitions

The specific way we measure our variable

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12

Survey: Social Desirability Tools

Tendency for subjects to over-report or under-report based on social expectations (make survey anonymous)

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13

Survey: Non- Response Bias

A concern about who IS NOT responding to the survey (why?)

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14

Case Study

In depth investigation of one person, thing, or event with lots of info and detail

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15

Naturalistic Observation

Naturalistic observation is a way to collect data about a subject in their natural environment is NOT affected by artificial environments that can alter the subjects behavior.  

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16

Phineas Gage

  • Iron Rod in his head (frontal lobe)

  • Purpose: how damage to the frontal lobes may alter personality, emotions, and social interaction

  • Localization

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17

Genie

  • Isolated, Abused, not exposed to language

  • Critical Period: ideal time frame during which language should be learned

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18

Pros of Survey

Efficient: lots of data, good sample = good generalization

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19

Cons of Survey

False generalizations, reliance of self-report, can’t explain why trends happen

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20

Correlational Research

Seeks to identify a relationship between variables

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21

Positive Correlation

When one variable goes up then the other variable goes up too (same direction)

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22

Negative Correlation

When one variable goes up then the other goes down (different direction)

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23

Correlation does NOT imply causation

Correlation does NOT imply causation

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