Science Biology Test Term 1

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Pancreas

The Pancreas is a crucial organ located behind the stomach and under the liver

Mechanical Digestion

Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, without altering its chemical composition, to increase surface area and facilitate chemical digestion

Chemical Digestion

Chemical Digestion breaks down large food molecules into their chemical building blocks, which can then be absorbed through the intestinal wall and into general circulation such as amino acids, fatty acids, and simple sugars.

The Difference Between Mechanical and Chemical Digestion

Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, while chemical digestion uses enzymes and acids to break down food molecules into their building blocks

How the systems work together

They work together to provide the body with energy and maintain homeostasis. The respiratory system brings in oxygen, which the circulatory system transports to cells. The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients, which the circulatory system also carries to cells. These nutrients and oxygen are used by cells to produce energy in a process called cellular respiration, which also produces CO2 as a water product. The circulatory system then transports this CO2 back to the lungs to be exhaled, completing the cycle.

Small Intestine

the small intestine is around 6-7 metres long (20 feet) in adults, primarily to maximise the surface area for efficient nutrition absorption. Its length allows for a longer residence time of food, giving digestive juices more time to break down food and enable the villi and microvilli to absorb a greater amount of nutrients.

Villi

tiny, finger-like tissues inside the walls of the small intestine, they increase the surface area of the small intestine, allowing for more efficient absorption of digested food into the bloodstream

How Does Blood Flow work In the Heart

Blood flows through the heart in a continuous, one-way circuit, powered by the heart's pumping action. It enters the right atrium, then moves to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygen. Oxygen-rich blood then returns to the left atrium, flows to the left ventricle, and is pumped out to the rest of the body

Why is the circulatory system also known as the double system

Because the blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circuit of the body. Through pulmonary circulation and systematic circulation.