Sociology

Comte (1798-1857)

founder of sociology

what did marx believe in?

people could change society

proletariat vs bourgeoisie

according to marx, what is the root of sociology?

class conflict/ revolution

durkheim (1858-1917)

founder of functionalism

what did the study of suicide reveal

women, married, and protestants all had lower rates because of social integration

theory

how facts are related to one naother

sociological theory

conceptual framework that helps explain and interprets patterns in social behavior- NOT a fizxed law or casual guess

functionionalism

when social institutions work togeether they bring order to society by performing necessary functions in society

how do functionallists see society

system of interraleted parts

mertons 3 functions

manifest function, latrent functions, dysfunctions

latent functions

important but not intended/recognized

dysfunctions

negative consequences, disrupt systems

marx

founder of conflict perspective

what causes change according to conflict perspective

inequality, scarce resources, struggle between the two classes, tension, hostility, and competition

conflict perspective

conflict and power struggles, people achieve will at the expense of others (competition)

according ot the conflict perspective what are social instituions designed to do

serve the interested of the powerful, keep other groups in society in their place

symbols

things we attach meaning to are the key to understanding how we view society

cooley (1902)

founder of symbolic interactionism, looking glass self

looking glass self

people develop an image of self from perspective of others, as well as social setting provides you with how you perceive others

mead (1934)

self isn’t present at birth, develops over time through social experiences and sophistication

importance of symbols and the behavior that comes from it (gestures, languages)

the process of developing self

learning to assume role of others by seeing yourself the way you think others see you

first general research model

select topic

second general research model

define problem

third general research model

literature review

fourth general research model

form hypothesis

fifth general research model

choose research method

sixth general research model

collect data

seventh general research model

analyzing results

eighth general research model

sharing results

first main research method

surveys

in order to do a survey you must have

random samples asked questions

neutral open or closed ended questions

second main research method

participant observation

in order to participant observation you must

participate in research setting

field work to gain rapport/trust

third main research method

case study

in order to case study you must

focus on a single event, person, private information

fourth main research method

secondary analysis

in order to do secondary analysis you must

use previously collectted Censuses, surveys, and data

fifth main research method

content analysis

content analysis

summarizing by counting various aspects of the content

sixth main research method

experiments

research requires

honesty, truth, openness

subjects

be informed that they are being studied

cant be harmed by the research

should remain anonymous

weber

believed sociology should remain value free (values shouldnt affect outcome)

objectivity + neutrality

needed to avoid biased findings

all studies should be

replicated or repeated differently to assure same outcome

industrial revolution

helped give rise to sociology

structured interviews

common tool in surveys

culture

languages, beliefs, values, norms, material objects passed down from generation to generation through a process of socialization

culture allows

humans to adapt to diverse physical environment

culture provides

moral importance - gives us a way of life

people are socialized to culture as a

child

subculture

values/behaviors separate members form majority but still follow rules from generalized society

example of subculture

goths

counterculture

values conflict with majority

example of counterculture

fundamentalist mormons

ethnocentrism

use own culture to judge other cultures

cultural relativism

to embrace and understand other cultures not on own culture’s terms

is cultural relativism sometimes a bad thing?

yes, some cultures are wrong like the kkk