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Lev Vygotsky
Russian psychologist known for developmental psychology.
Social Constructivism
Theory emphasizing social interactions in cognitive development.
Cultural-Historical Activity Theory
Cognitive development shaped by cultural context and history.
Role of Language
Language influences thought processes and cognitive development.
Social Interaction
Learning occurs through interactions with knowledgeable others.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Gap between independent ability and guided achievement.
Effective Teaching
Occurs within the ZPD with appropriate support.
Scaffolding
Temporary support to help children master new skills.
Practical Example of ZPD
Child learns to write with adult guidance.
Task Breakdown
Dividing tasks into manageable steps for learning.
Collaborative Learning
Learning as a process involving adult and child interaction.
Observation
Assessing children's skills to identify their ZPD.
Individualized Planning
Tailored learning experiences based on children's needs.
Interactive Learning
Engaging discussions enhance cognitive growth.
Gradual Support Removal
Scaffolding support decreases as child gains competence.
Open-Ended Questions
Encourages problem-solving and deeper understanding.
Feedback Importance
Guides children towards improved comprehension.
Confidence Building
Scaffolding promotes children's motivation to learn.
Educational Implications
Vygotsky's theories inform teaching strategies and practices.
Historical Context
Vygotsky's theories contrasted with contemporaries like Piaget.
Note 
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