endocrine system A&P

2 systems that control the body

nervous and endocrine

both systems rely on _____ that bind to specific _____ on _____ cells

chemicals, receptors, target

neurons release…

neurotransmitters

endocrine glands release…

…horomones

both systems… (action)

coordinate and regulate activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and systems to maintain homeostasis

both systems are regulated by

feedback mechanisms

endocrine system includes

all endocrine cells and tissues

endocrine ______ secrete ______

glands, horomones

horomones

chemical messengers released in one tissue and transported by the bloodstream to target cells in other tissues

effect of hormones can be

local or systemic

endocrine system provides

long term regulation and adjustment of homeostatic processes

long term adjustments of endocrine system (2)

adjusts metabolic rate of all systems

regulates growth and development

hormones (action)

alter operations of the target cell

hormones change

type, activities, locations, or quantities of proteins produced

sensitive of target cell to hormone depends on

presence of receptions for that specific hormone

receptors are located either

on plasma membrane or inside the cell

importance of the hypothalamus

part of the brain that controls the endocrine system through the release of hormones

hypothalamus is part of

CNS and endocrine system

pituitary gland

secretes 9 hormones (all peptides/proteins)

thyroid gland (3)

located in neck, anterior to trachea

regulates rate of food metabolism

produces 3 hormones (amino acid): T3, T4, calcitonin

calcitonin

calcium regulation in the bloodstream

too much T3 and T4

hyperthyroidism

too little T3 and T4

hypothyroidism

pancreas

located between stomach and superior portion of small intestine

responsible for regualting blood glucose

hormones (+location) of the pancreas

alpha and beta, in islets of langerhans

alpha cells secrete

glycagon, when blood glucose levels drop

glycagon (3)

mobilizes energy reserves

breaks down glycogen to glucose

adipose tissues release fatty acids

alpha cells end up

releasing glycogen to increase blood glucose levels

beta cells secrete

insulin, when blood glucose increases

insulin (2)

stimulates glucose uptake by cells that have receptors

increases rates of protein systhesis and fat storage

beta cells end up

releasing insulin to decrease blood glucose levels

Diabetes

defect in somewhere that means insulin cannot do its job

adrenal glands (2)

yellow, pyramid shaped, superior to kidney

produces adrenaline and cortisol

pineal glands (3)

located in 3rd ventricle of the brain

produces Melanie

involved in timing and reproduction/protection against free radicals