Standard Deviation and Hypothesis Testing

A collection of key terms and definitions related to standard deviation, hypothesis testing, and statistical analysis.

Standard Deviation

A measure that quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values.

Variance

The average of the squared differences from the mean, representing the degree of spread in data.

Null Hypothesis

A statement that asserts there is no significant difference between two variables, implying any observed difference is due to chance.

Critical Value

A threshold value used in statistical tests that determines whether to reject the null hypothesis based on the test statistic.

Error Bars

Graphical representations of the variability of data and typically indicate the error or uncertainty in measured values.

Positive Correlation

A relationship where as one variable increases, the other variable also increases.

Negative Correlation

A relationship where as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.

Mean

The average of a set of values, calculated by summing them and dividing by the count of values.

Median

The middle value in a list of numbers, separating the higher half from the lower half.

Mode

The value that appears most frequently in a data set.

Range

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set.