Vital signs

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Nursing

12th

232 Terms

1

Afebrile

without fever

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apical-radial pulse

Taking the apical and radial pulses at the same time

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blood pressure (BP)

the amount of force exerted against the walls of the artery by the blood

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4

body temperature

the amount of heat in the body that is a balance between the amount of heat produced and the amount lost by the body

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5

bradycardia

a slow heart rate; less than 60 beats per minutes

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6

Diastole

the period of heart muscle relaxation; the heart is at rest

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diastolic pressure

the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest

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8

febrile

with a fever

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9

fever

elevated body temperature

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10

hypertension

high blood pressure

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11

hypotension

low blood pressure

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12

pulse

the beat of the heart felt at an artery as a wave of blood passes through the artery

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13

pulse deficit

the difference between the apical and radial pulse rates

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14

pulse rate

the number of heartbeats or pulses felt in 1 minute

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15

respiration

breathing air into and out of the lungs

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16

sphygmomanometer

a cuff and measuring device used to measure blood pressure

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17

stethoscope

An instrument used to listen to the sounds produced by the heart, lungs, and other body organs

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18

systole

the period of heart muscle contraction; the heart is pumping blood

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19

systolic pressure

the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts

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20

tachycardia

a rapid heart rate; more than 100 beats per minute

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21

thermometer

a device used to measure temperature

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22

vital signs

temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure; pulse oximetry and pain are included in some agencies

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23

Vital signs reflect function of 3 body processes:

  1. Body temperature

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24
  1. Breathing

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  1. Heart function

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4 functions of vital signs are:

  1. temperature

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27
  1. pulse

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  1. respirations

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  1. blood pressure

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(sometimes pain and pulse oximetry)

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What is preferred when taking vital signs?

  1. the patient is sitting or laying down

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32

What are 6 factors that can affect vital signs?

  1. Exercising

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  1. Age

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  1. Anger

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  1. Anxiety

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  1. Drugs

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  1. Pain/ Illness

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What are 5 main factors that can affect vital signs?

  1. stress

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  1. food or fluid intake

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  1. medical problems

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  1. age

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  1. physical activity

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43

What are vital signs also called?

  1. cardinal signs

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44

What are the 3 pulse characteristics that are documented?

  1. rate

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  1. rhythm

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  1. volume (force)

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What are the 3 respiration characteristics that are documented?

  1. rate

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48
  1. rhythm

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  1. depth

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What are the 4 anthropometric measurements?

  1. Weight

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51
  1. Height

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  1. BMI

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  1. Head circumference

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54

When is the body temperature lower and higher?

  1. lower in the morning and higher in the evening

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What is fever?

  1. the body's natural defense for fighting microorganisms

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What are 5 signs and symptoms of a fever?

  1. chills 2. anorexia 3. weakness 4. thirst 5. body aches

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57

What is the normal Oral temperature?

  1. (97.6 - 99.6 F)

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What is the normal Tympanic temperature?

  1. (98.6 F)

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What is the normal Axillary temperature?

  1. (96.6 - 98.6 F)

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How much lower are axillary temperatures then oral temperatures?

  1. 1 degree

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What is the normal Temporal temperature?

  1. (97.6 - 99.6 F)

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What is the normal Rectal temperature?

  1. (99.6 F)

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How much higher are rectal temperatures then oral temperatures?

  1. 1 degrees

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What is the normal heart rate?

  1. 60 to 100/min

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What is the normal Respiratory Rate?

  1. 12 to 20/min

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What is the normal Systolic Pressure?

  1. Less than 120 mm Hg

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What is the normal Diastolic Pressure?

  1. Less than 80 mm Hg

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What is the average heart rate for newborns?

  1. 120 to 160/min

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What is the average heart rate for infants?

  1. 80 to 140/min

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What is the average heart rate for toddlers?

  1. 80 to 130/min

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What is the average heart rate for preschoolers?

  1. 80 to 120/min

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What is the average heart rate for school-age children?

  1. 70 to 100/min

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What is the average heart rate for adults?

  1. 60 to 100/min

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What is the normal respiratory rate for newborns?

  1. 30 to 50/min

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What is the respiratory range for bradypnea?

  1. Less than 10/min

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What is the respiratory range for tachypnea?

  1. Greater than 20/min

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What is the most common pulse site for adults?

  1. radial pulse

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What is most common pulse site for children?

  1. brachial pulse

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What pulse site is used for emergency procedures?

  1. carotid pulse

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80

What does one respiration include?

  1. an inhalation and an exhalation

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What is hypoxia?

  1. lack of oxygen

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82

apnea

absence or cessation of breathing

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arrhythmia

An abnormality or irregularity in the heart rhythm

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arteriosclerosis

thickening decreased elasticity, and calcification (hardening) of arterial walls

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bounding

term used to describe a pulse that feels full because of increased power of cardiac contraction or as a result of increased blood volume

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bradypnea

respirations that are regular in rhythm but slower than normal in rate

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cerumen

a waxy secretion in the ear canal; commonly called ear wax

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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

a progressive, irreversible lung condition that results in diminished lung capacity

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dyspnea

difficult or painful breathing

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essential hypertension

elevated blood pressure of unknown cause that develops for no apparent reason; sometimes called primary hypertension

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Homeostasis

internal adaptation and change in response to environmental factors; multiple functions that attempt to keep the body's functions in balance

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hyperpnea

an increase in the depth of breathing

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hyperventilation

abnormally prolonged and deep breathing, usually associated with acute anxiety or emotional tension

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94

intermittent pulse

A pulse in which beats occasionally are skipped

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95

orthopnea

Condition in which an individual must sit or stand to breathe comfortably

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96

orthostatic (postural) hypotension

A temporary fall in blood pressure when a person rapidly changes from a recumbent position to a standing position

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otitis externa

inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal (swimmer's ear)

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98

otitis media

inflammation of the middle ear (ear infection)

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99

peripheral

term that refers to an area outside of or away from an organ or structure

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100

pyrexia

febrile condition or fever

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