Unit 3 - Cellular Energetic

F6P

\________- splits into two 3- carbon- long fragments known as PGAL (glyceraldehyde phosphate); with the formation of PGAL, the energy- producing portion of glycolysis begins.

Fermentation

\________- the solution to this problem; it takes the excess NADH that builds up and converts it back to NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue.

exergonic reaction

In a(n) \________, the products contain less energy than the reactants, and the excess energy is released.

phosphoenolpyruvate

After 3PG rearranges to form 2- phosphoglycerate, \________ (PEP) is formed, which donates a phosphate group to molecules of ADP to form another pair of ATP molecules and pyruvate.

Catalysts

\________ speed up reactions by lowering the energy (activation energy) needed for the reaction to take place, but are not used up in the reaction.

Glycolysis

\________- produces the same result under anaerobic conditions as it does under aerobic conditions- two ATP molecules.

Eg

\________: the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells.

oxygen

If \________ is present, more ATP is later made by oxidative phosphorylation.

ATP

\________ is constructed from an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate group (Pi) through phosphorylation (a chemical process in which a phosphate group is added using free energy)

Substrates

\________- the substances that enzymes act on.

Height A

\________ represents original activation energy; height B represents the lowered activation energy due to the addition of enzymes.

glucose molecule

A(n) \________ is broken down through a series of reactions into two molecules of pyruvate.

endergonic reaction

In a(n) \________, the products of the reaction contain more energy than the reactants, and the extra energy must be supplied for the reaction to proceed.