Chemistry: Kinetics and Equilibrium (7)

Particles need ________ and _________ to react

Energy and orientation

Increased collisions indicate _________ reaction rate

Increased

What effect does increased concentration have on reaction rate?

This means more particles will collide causing more collisions and increasing reaction rate.

What effect does increased temperature have on reaction rate?

This increases kinetic energy of particles and increases collisions and REACTION RATES.

What effect does increased surface area have on reaction rate?

This causes more particles to be exposed to reactions and INCREASES reaction rate.

Which of these will react faster: Powdered Mg or a pellet of Mg?

Powdered Mg

How does the nature of reactants impact reaction rate?

Ionic solutions will have faster reaction rates than molecular/covalent solutions.

What effect do catalysts have on reaction rates?

They speed them up by lowering the activation energy need for the reaction

Dynamic Equilibrium has _____ rates of forward and reverse reactions.

Equal

Dynamic Equilibrium has _____ concentrations

Constant

What are examples of physical equilibrium?

Closed systems (stoppered bottles), solutions, and phase equilibrium

According to Le Chatelier’s Principles, increase _____ ______

Shift away

According to Le Chatelier's Principle, decreases __________ __________

Shift Away

Pressure changes only affect which state of matter?

Gas

Increases in pressure will shift towards…?

side with lower amount moles of gas and vice versa

Anything in the direction of the shift will?

Increase

Anything opposite the direction of a shift will?

Decrease

What are reasons that reactions go into completion (→)?

Precipitates and Open Systems

∆H Formula

P.E. Products - P.E. Reactants

Exothermic

WARM: Releases Energy

∆H is Negative and on the Right

Endothermic

COLD: absorbs energy

∆H is Positive and is on the Left

What effect do catalysts have on the concentration of products or reactants or ∆H?

No effect

Nature favors ______ entropy (chaos) and ______ energy (temperature).

High entropy, and low energy