Behavior Management

What is the goal of behavior management?

To reduce or eliminate any behavior that is interfering with treatment or therapy

What are the two kinds of response reduction strategies?

direct
indirect

What is the focus of direct response reduction strategies?

focus on undesired behaviors to reduce or eliminate them

What are the two kinds of direct response reduction strategies?

stimulus presentation
stimulus withdrawl

What are the two kinds of stimulus presentations?

verbal
nonverbal

What are examples of verbal stimulus presentations?

say "no"
say "stop"
give specific instructions

What is the contingency for verbal and nonverbal stimulus presentation?

must be presented immediately after the undesired behavior

What are examples of nonverbal stimulus presentations?

head nods or shaking
hand over hand (redirection of behavior)
hold hand up

What are the three kinds of stimulus withdrawal?

time out
response cost
extinction for decreasing behaviors

Time Out

a period of time devoid or away from the activity, typically one minute per year of the child's age
want to ensure that the time frame is appropriate and that this measure is not desirable for the child

Response Cost

every time the undesired behavior occurs, the client must give up something
must consider the frequency of behavior and client motivation, if the behavior is frequent, this measure may be the best to use/most useful

Extinction for Decreasing Behaviors

"do nothing" procedure

What is the focus of indirect response reduction strategies?

focus is on the desirable behavior with a goal of reducing the undesirable behavior
DOES NOT MANIPULATE THE UNDESIRED BEHAVIOR DIRECTLY

What are the three kinds of reinforcements for indirect response?

differential reinforcement of other behavior
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
differential reinforcement of low rates of responding

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)

reinforce any desirable behavior and omission of the undesirable behavior
the behavior that you reinforce is left open (not addressing it)
for example, if the child is screaming, reinforce them sitting in a chair

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)

reinforce any desirable behavior that is incompatible with undesirable
for example, if the child is screaming, reinforce them using their inside voice

Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding (DRL)

reinforce the frequency of the undesired behavior when it is below the baseline
observe a decrease in a behavior, specifically the undesired one, and the clinician shapes the behavior until it is eliminated or reaches a manageable level
for example, if the child is biting, reinforce them using a chewing tube, and then not biting at all