Introduction to Biotechnology

Flashcards on Biotechnology

Biotechnology

Helps to meet our basic needs like food, clothing, shelter, health and safety.

Biotechnology

Improvements by using science, helping in production of plants, animals and other organisms and maintaining a good environment.

Biotechnology Definition

Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.

Biotechnology

Using scientific processes to get new organisms or new products from organisms, a large area that includes many approaches and methods in science and technology

Biotechnology Definition

Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals or to develop microorganisms for specific uses.

Biotechnology

The study of tools from living things

Biotechnology (GENENTECH definition)

The process of harnessing 'nature's own' biochemical tools to make possible new products and processes and provide solutions to society's ills.

Biotechnology (WEBSTER’S definition)

The aspect of technology concerned with the application of living organisms to meet the needs and ends of man.

Biotechnology (WALL STREET definition)

The application of genetic engineering and DNA technology to produce therapeutic and medical diagnostic products and processes.

Biotechnology

Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific uses

Biotechnology (Multidisciplinary)

Involves input from Engineering, Computer Science, Cell and Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Genetics, Physiology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Virology, and Recombinant DNA Technology.

Ancient Biotechnology

Early history as related to food and shelter, including domestication.

Classical Biotechnology

Built on ancient biotechnology; fermentation promoted food production and medicine.

Modern Biotechnology

Manipulates genetic information in organism through genetic engineering.

Agricultural View of Biotechnology

All of the applied science based operations in producing food, fiber, shelter, and related products.

Applications of Biotechnology

Production of new and improved crops/foods, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals and livestock, diagnostics for detecting genetic diseases and gene therapy.

Organismic Biotech

Working with complete, intact organisms or their cells, where organisms are not genetically changed with artificial means.

Cloning

Process of producing a new organism from cells or tissues of existing organism. Example: 1997 cloned sheep – “Dolly”.

Molecular Biotech

Changing the genetic make-up of an organism, altering the structure and parts of cells using genetic engineering, molecular mapping and similar processes.

Genetic Engineering

Changing the genetic information in a cell, where a specific trait of one organism may be isolated, cut, and moved into the cell of another organism.

Transgenic

Genetic material in an organism has been altered.

Therapeutant

Product used to maintain health or prevent disease.

Biopharmaceuticals

Drug or vaccine developed through biotechnology; called designer drugs.

Biopharming

Production of pharmaceuticals in cultured organisms; a combination of the agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.

Environmental Biotech

Any biotechnological process that may promote a good environment.

Plant biotech

Improve plants and the products produced from them, including insect and disease resistance and engineering desired characteristics.

Animal Biotech

Improve animals or the products they produce; animals may be used to produce products that promote human health.

Food and Beverages (Biotech)

Use of technology in production and processing, including genetically altered crops and rBGH milk.

Synthetic biology

Creating lifelike characteristics through the use of chemicals, based on creating structures similar to those found in living organisms.

Vesicle

Tiny rounded structure with cell like traits.