Ch. 6a: Non-Adaptive Immunity

two arms of the immune system

non-adaptive and adaptive immunity

the two lines of defense for non-adaptive defense system

external body membranes and antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other cells

always functions the same way, eliminating almost all pathogens, and doesnt identify individual pathogens for destruction

general response system

specializes its response to individual pathogens

adaptive system

has layered walls of protection

non adaptive immune system

the three walls of protection in the non adaptive immune system

1. anatomical and chemical barriers (physical barriers)

2. intrinsic

3. innate immunity (cellular)

preprogrammed things that happen if the barriers fail

processes

a barrier but chemical signals can move through it

skin

inhibit or destroy microorganisms

protective chemicals (ex: skin acidity, lipids in sweat, lysozyme of saliva)

always present in the uninfected cell, RNA silencing, antiviral proteins, and apoptosis

intrinsic

innate vs adaptive immune system

innate- induced by infection

adaptive- tailored to pathogen

released into the blood and kill themselves after one day

neutrophils

an autoimmune cell uses its own protein to punch holes in its plasma membrane

intrinsic apoptosis

A virus or a bacteria will attach to several different surface receptors on an immune cell

pattern recognition receptors

PAMPS vs DAMPS

pamps- pathogen associated molecular pattern (infection)

damps- damage-associated molecular pattern (trauma)

attacks pathogens without specificity, acts within minutes, mainly by the innate immune system

non-adaptive immune system

what describes what happens once PAMPS and DAMPS are activated

they both activate cytokine storms

cells necessary if microorganisms invade deeper tissues, sntimicrobial proteins, inflammation/fever

non adaptive defenses for innate immunity

specialized to ingest and eliminate infectious agents, process and present antigen as well as help regulate other immune cells

macrophage

specialized macrophages that evaluate a potential target (found in membrane systems)

dendritic cells

inactive T&B lymphocytes in the lymph become active after interacting with…

the mature dendritic cell

T vs B lymphocytes

T- seek and destroy

B- lymphocytes produse antibodies

attachment between immune cells

recognition

TCR receptor

recognition

CD28

activation receptor for the dendritic cells

the two proteins that NK cells

MHC protein and activating proteins

release substances that contribute to inflammation such as histamine

mast cells

signal response to viral and some cancer infections

interferon

response of vascular tissue to injury or infection

inflammation

group of proteins that circulate in the blood or in an inactive state

complement