Chapter 2 and 3 definitions

isotope

atoms of the same element with different numbers or neutrons and different masses

relative atomic mass

the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom

binary compound

contains two elements only

diatomic

containing two atoms bonded together

Avogadro constant

6.02X10²³mol^-1 the number of particles in each mole of carbon-12

mole

the amount of a substance that contains 6.02x10²³mol^-1 particles

molecular formula

the number of atoms of each element in a molecule

empirical formula

the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

relative molecular mass

mass of a molecule compared with the mass of an atom of carbon-12

relative formula mass

the mass of a formula unit compared with the mass of an atom of carbon-12

analysis

investigating the chemical composition of a substance

water of crystalisation

water molecules apart of a crystalline structure

standard solution

a solution of known concentratuon

molar gas volume

the volume per mole of gas molecules at a stated temperature and pressure

stoichiometry

the ratio of the amount, in moles, of each substance

theoretical yield

the maximum amount of product

percentage yield

actual yield/theoretical yield x 100

limiting reagent

the reactant that is not in excess that will be completely used up first and stop the reaction

atom economy

sum of Mr of desired products/ sum of Mr of all products x 100

solute

dissolved compound