KingChiro - Weight Management (QUIZ 2)

<16.0 = Severe thinness

16 - 16.9 = Moderate thinness

17 - 18.49 = Mild thinness

18.5 - 24.9 = Normal range

> or = 25 = Overweight

25 - 29.9 = Pre-obese

30 - 34.9 = Obese Class 1

34 - 39.9 = Obese Class 2

> or = 40 = Obese Class 3

***Give all of the BMI categories, and which number BMIs are related to it

eating disorder

A BMI of less than 16 would be a red flag for

kg/m^2

What is the measurement of BMI

<120/<80 = Normal

120-129/<80 = Elevated

130-139/80-89 = Stage 1 HTN

>140/>90 = Stage 2 HTN

>180/>120 = Hypertensive Crisis

Describe the different categories of blood pressure and the systolic and diastolic numbers with them

1) Waist Circumference

2) Neck Circumference

3) Waist-to-Hip Ratio

4) Waist-to-Height Ratio

What are other predictors of body weight than BMI that should be analyzed along side BMI

Men = < or = 40 inches

Women = < or = 35 inches

**What are the healthy Waist Circumference for both men and women?

Men < or = 0.95

Women < or = 0.80

**What are the healthy Waist-to-Hip Ratios for both men and women?

between ileum and ribs

Where do you measure wait circumference

Underweight = <0.35

Slim = 0.35-0.43

**Healthy = 0.43-.53

Overweight = 0.53-0.58

Obese = 0.58-0.63

Very Obese = >0.63

**What are the healthy Waist-to-Height Ratios for MEN?

Underweight = <0.35

Slim = 0.35-0.42

**Healthy = 0.42-0.49

Overweight = 0.49-0.54

Obese = 0.54-0.58

Very Obese = >0.58

**What are the healthy Waist-to-Height Ratios for WOMEN?

bookmark: stuff below?

Transtheoretical Model of Change

a model that has been applied to understanding how change occurs in discrete health behaviors and can be useful in providing a general framework for considering how other change processes occur in a person's behavior

Not ready to change = 1-3

Unsure about change = 4-7

Ready to change = 8-10

When asking the person to rate how ready they are to change, when would each of the ratings lead you to believe?

1. Precontemplation

2. Contemplation

3. Preparation

4. Action

5. Maintenance

What are the stages of the Transtheoretical Model of Change

Precontemplation

Stage of the Transtheoretical Model where they are not intending to make changes within the next 6 months

contemplation stage

Stage of the Transtheoretical Model where they are considering a change within the next 6 months

preparation stage

Stage of the Transtheoretical Model where the person intends to take action in the immediate future

Action

Stage of the Transtheoretical Model where they are currently making changes and motivated to continue

Maintenance stage

Stage of the Transtheoretical Model where they are maintaining behavioral change that they started

Fat Mass

Lean Body Mass/Fat Free Mass

What are the two types things that contribute to body composition

Essential fat and Storage fat

What is found within "Fat Mass"

Muscle, Bone, Fluid

What is found within the category of Lean Body Mass/Fat-Free Mass

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1) Calipers

2) Hydrostatic Weighing

3) Bioelectric Impedance

4) Air Displacement

5) Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, DEXA --gold standard!!

What are ways we can measure Body Composition? Which one is our current gold standard?

1) Sedentary Lifestyle

2) Genetics

3) Family Reinforcement

4) Physiologic Factors

5) Psychological Factors

6) Other environmental --food, portion sizes, screen time, etc

What are the 6 main causes of obesity

1) Taste, satiety, and portions

2) Obesogens (Endo disruptors)

3) Viruses

4) Gut microflora

What are some minor contributors to obesity?`

Leptin

hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce appetite

Ghrelin

hormone secreted by empty stomach; sends "I'm hungry" signals to the brain

1) White --coupled

2) Brown --uncoupled

What are the two type of adipose tissue? Which one is coupled --oxidation heat is ATP generation coupled with heat release-- and which one is uncoupled?

infants

more in women than men

people in colder temps

people with lower BMIs

Brown adipose is found in higher concentrations in which types of people?

Beiging

Cold weather or intro of a cold stimulus may cause subcutaneous WAT to express BAT genes

Android; men

body shape described as "apple-shaped" with excess body fat distributed primarily on the upper body and trunk. Who commonly shows this type?

Gynoid; females

Body shape described as "pear-shaped" where excess body fat is distributed primarily on the lower body (hips and thighs). Who commonly shows this type?

Android; more visceral adipose compared to subcutaneous

What body shape type --in regards to fat distribution-- is associated with more health risk? Why?

1) Visceral fat

fat stored around organs, main cause of central obesity, and VERY METABOLICALLY ACTIVE

2) Subcutaneous fat

fat stored around the hips, thigs, or exterior of abdomen muscle

lipotoxicity

Visceral adipose tissue is very metabolically active, which increases what?

Lipoprotein lipase, LPL

which enzyme when in higher quantities increases lipotoxicity

increase

Does lipoprotein lipase activity increase or decrease after weight loss

1) major determinant in obesity development

2) more active in obese than lean individuals

3) activity makes fat storage more efficient

Describe key things about lipoprotein lipase

easier

Is visceral adipose tissue, VAT, easier or harder to lose than subcutaneous fate

Visceral adipose tissue, VAT

Exercise with or without weight loss leads to reduction of _____

Males = abdomen

Females = breasts, hips, and thighs

Where is Lipoprotein Lipase usually found to be more active in males? What about females?

Adipotoxicity and Lipotoxicity

What are the two ways the body responds to nutritional overload?

Adipotoxicity

negative effects of storage of excess fat in adipose tissue

Lipotoxicity

Negative effects of storage excess fat in non-adipose tissue

TNF-Alpha

IL-6

Leptin

Adiponectin

Resistin

What type of adipokines secreted more during Adipotoxicity

Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass

Gastric Banding

What are the two types of surgery we discussed to help lose weight

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats

dumping syndrome

This is a side effect of the Roux-en-y surgery

gastric banding surgery

restricts the size of the stomach with an adjustable band

Iron

Calcium

Vitamin D

Vitamin B12

What are the common bariatric surgery deficiencies

Antecedent (Trigger)

Behavior

Consequence

What are the ABCs of behavior modification

1) dietary modifications --swaps to decrease energy intake

2) changing food behavior --manage cues

3) activity --increase activity each week

What are three examples of sound weight management

1) Sick

2) Control

3) One

4) Fat

5) Food

***SCOFF is an acronym for screening for eating disorders. What does it stand for?

women

Who is anorexia nervosa more common in

Russel's sign

this is associated with people who force themselves to throw up. What is this called?

bookmark: binge eating disorder