Chapter 4 Carbons

Lecture 8

Organic Chemistry

Study of carbon compounds

All living organisms and their macromolecules are made of carbon compounds

Carbon has —— valence e-

4

Carbon can make —- covalent bonds

4

Tetrahedral shape

When using 4 single bonds

Flat, planar shape

flat when using double bonds

What forms the skeletons of most organic molecules

Carbon Chains

Hydrocarbons

Molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Releases large amounts of energy

Isomers

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

3 types

3 types of isomers

Structural, Enantiomers, Cis-trans

Structural Isomers

Have different covalent arrangements of atoms

Cis-trans Isomer

Same covalent arrangements but different spacial arrangements around a carbon-carbon double bond (c=c)

Cis

on the same side of the c=c

Trans

On opposite sides of the c=c

Enantiomers Isomers

Mirror images of a asymmetrical (chiral) carbon molecule

1.      What general shape will a hydrocarbon have if it has a carbon-carbon double bond?

Flat, planar shape

1.      Which isomer(s) has atoms that are covalently attached in a different order?

Structural isomers

1.      What is a chiral carbon? 

A chiral carbon is a carbon atom with 4 single bonds to 4 different groups

Which type of isomer has groups arranged differently around a double bond?

Cis-trans isomer