Biology - Smoking / Emphysema / Keeping lungs clean

Cilia function

Tiny hair like structures on the surface of the cell moving mucus containing trapped particles and dust up the trachea to be swallowed

Goblet cells function

Produces mucus which trap bacteria

Effects of smoking

Tar - Contains carcinogens that cause lung cancer

Nicotine - Is addictive substance

Effects on air passages

Smoking paralyses the cilia leading to a build up of mucus and a smoker’s cough. Smoke irritates the bronchi, causing bronchitis.

Effects on the alveoli

Smoke damages the walls of the alveoli. The alveoli walls break down and join together, forming larger air spaces than normal. This reduces the ability of the blood to carry oxygen, putting a strain on the heart which increases the risk of developing heart disease or strokes.

Effects of carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide combines with the haemoglobin in red blood cells. This reduces the ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

Effects on lungs

Smoking destroys lung tissue leading to Emphysema

What causes emphysema?

This disease is caused by the alveolar walls breaking down , reducing surface area for gas exchange. A patient would struggle obtaining enough oxygen for normal activities.