maps

Thematic map

A map that shows a specific them or type of data (like population, climate, income)

Choropleth map

Uses colors or shading to show data levels in different areas(ex: darker = more population)

Dot distribution map

Uses dots to represent how often something happens. More dots = more of that thing (farms, people, etc)

Graduated symbol map

Uses different-sized symbols (like circles) to show amount. Bigger symbol = more of the variable

Isoline map

Uses lines to connect equal values (like temperature and elevation) common in weather maps

Cartogram

Disorts the size of places to show data. For example, a country with more people looks larger than one with less

Map projections

all map projections distort some part of the Earths surface.

Mercator

Good for navigation (preserves direction)

Disorts size

Robinson

Tries to balance disortions of size, shape, distance, and direction. Looks realistic, good for general use

Peters

Keeps area (size) accurate, especially for countries near the equator. Distorts shapes — makes continents look stretched or squished

HM: Edge city

A large center of business, shopping, and entertainment that develops on the outskirts of a major city, usually near highways or at transportation intersections.

HM: First agricultural revolution

Around 10,000 years ago. Humans began farming and domesticating animals instead of hunting and gathering. Result: permanent settlements, population growth, early civilizations

HM: Second agricultural revolution

Around 1700-1800s(during the industrial revolution). New tools, machines and farming methods(like the seed drill and crop rotation) introduced. Result: increased food production, supported urbanization, and industrial growth

HM: Green (Third agricultural) revolution

Around 1950s-1970s. Use of high-yield seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation. Result: boosted food production (especially in developing countries) but also raised concerns about sustainability and environmental harm.