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These are flash cards for chapter 1 cells.
What is the Job of the Nucleus?
Its function is to control the activities of the cell. It contains the genetic material (DNA) of organisms
Identify the structure/feature of the Cell Membrane that relates to it's function.
It allows only certain types of molecules into and out of the cell by diffusion
What is the organelles?
The organelles in a cell are tiny structures that performs specific functions within a cell.
What are the vesicles?
The vesicles store food reserves and break down unwanted substances
What is partially permeable?
not fully, allows substances to pass
What is turgidity?
It makes the plant cell firm
What is a membrane?
Skin
What is diffusion?
The movement of substances from a high to low concentration.
What are the two types of basic cells?
Plants and Animal cells.
Name the 4 structures in animal cells.
Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, and the Mitochondria.
What is the nickname of the Cell Membrane?
The Gatekeepers.
What is the nickname of the Cytoplasm?
The Worker.
What is the nickname of the Nucleus?
The Brain
What is the nickname of the Mitochondria?
The Powerhouse.
What is the Job of the Cell Membrane?
The cell membrane acts as a control that allows or prevents substances from moving into and out of the cells, like a 'gatekeeper' of sorts.
What is the Job of the Cytoplasm?
It carries out the cells chemical reactions
What is the Job of the Mitochondria?
It gives the cell energy to carry out its functions, as they take food and make energy that the rest of the cell can use
Identify the structure/feature of the Cytoplasm that relates to it's function.
The organelles and vesicles
Identify the structure/feature of the Nucleus that relates to it's function.
The nucleus sends information on the cell into the cytoplasm, which then copies the command and carries it out
Identify the structure/feature of the Mitochondria that relates to it's function.
Everything requires energy to move.
Tell me 3 examples of cells that differ from basic cells
Muscle cells
Draw a fully labeled diagram of a basic animal cell.
Draw a fully labeled diagram of a basic plant cell.
Name the 3 structures in Plant Cells.
The cell wall, the chloroplast, the (permanent) vacuole
What is the nickname of the cell wall?
The Guardian
What is the nickname of the chloroplast?
The Food Maker
What is the nickname of the vacuole
The Multitasker
What is the job of the cell wall?
Cell walls are there to support the plant and help it grow, and they also prevent the cell from bursting when the cells have too much water in them (turgid).
What is the job of the chloroplast?
To allow photosynthesis to happen
What is the job of the vacuole?
It stores waste substances, in some cells (such as beetroot) it gives the cell it’s colour, and it also helps the plant maintain it’s turgidity.
Identify the structure/feature of the Cell Wall that relates to it's function.
The cell wall is fully permeable which allows substances to pass easily between the fibres.
Identify the structure/feature of the Chloroplast that relates to it's function.
The chloroplast has its own membrane, but substances are allowed to pass very easily between the membrane (it is membrane bound.)
Identify the structure/feature of the Vacuole that relates to it's function.
The permanent vacuole also has a membrane covering it (membrane bound)
What is the cell wall made of?
Cellulose: cellulose is a firm material that gives the plant cell its shape, therefore plant cells are not flexible and have a fixed shape.
Explain turgidity in terms of the vacuole.
It starts taking in water from the outside of the cell until the cell is full of fluid. The pressure pushes against the walls of the cell and it becomes turgid.
Name all the specialized animal cells
Ciliated epithelial cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, and nerve cells
Name all the specialized plant cells
Palisade cells, and root cells
What is the feature of the ciliated epithilial cell?
The cilia: The cilia is a hair-like substance that sweeps out dust and bacteria because it’s able to move.
What is the feature of the red blood cells?
The biconcave disc shape: The shape of the cell and the lack of a nucleus gives it more room to carry oxygen. The shape also allows the red blood cell to be flexible in order for them to be able to pass through narrow blood vessels
What is the feature of the white blood cells?
Some of them can change shape to squeeze between other cells
What is the feature of the nerve cells?
Electrical impulses are how the nerve cells send signals to other cells from the brain and this signals the muscle in turn to move how the brain tells it to.
What is the additional structure of the ciliated epithelial cells
It is the cilia
What is the additional structure of the red blood cells?
The hemoglobin: Hemoglobin is a protein that helps the R.B.C hold oxygen O2
What is the additional structure of the white blood cells?
The cytoplasm
What is the additional structure of the nerve cells?
The branches
What is the function of the ciliated epithelial cells
the cilia at the top of the cells sweep mucus (which traps bacteria) along the passage of the lungs and throat upwards using the hair-like cilia
What is the function of the red blood cells?
Step 1: The red blood cell’s job is to transport oxygen to other cells so they can carry out respiration
Step 2: Respiration uses oxygen and this happens in the mitochondria
Step 3: if the RBC had mitochondria then it would use up the oxygen before it is able to deliver it to other cells
Identify the structure/feature of the ciliated epithelial cells that relate to its function
The cilia
Identify the structure/feature of the red blood cells that relate to its function
Biconcave shape, and flexibility of the biconcave shape
Identify the structure/feature of the white blood cells that relate to its function
The cytoplasm
What is the function of the white blood cells?
A defense mechanism that animals/humans have in order to keep them healthy and defend their bodies against diseases.
What is the function of the nerve cells?
Step 1: The brain has an idea(I want the hand to move)
Step 2: The brain wants to tell the hand to move, so it tells this to the nerve cell
Step 3: The nerve cell listens to the brains message and then converts it into electrical impulses
Step 4: the nerve cell carries this message in the form electricity to the next nerve cell that it is connected to
Step 5: That nerve cell carries this message to the next nerve cell, that next cell sends it to the next cell, and this goes on untill the message reaches the muscles in the hand. The hand then moves
Identify the structure/feature of the nerve cells that relate to its function
Electrical impulses
Note 
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