Chap. 10 - Cellular Respiration Test

Cellular Respiration

A process of energy conversion that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen

calorie

The amount of energy needed to raise the temp. of 1g of water 1 degree celcius. c=1, C=1000

How much energy do we get from fats?

9,000

How much energy do we get from proteins?

4,000

How much energy do we get from carbohydrates?

4,000

How much energy do we get from glucose?

3,811

What’s another name for food molecules?

Macro / Bio Molecules

Where is the energy from food stored?

Chemical bonds

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

Oxygen and glucose

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

Anaerobic

Does not require oxygen

Aerobic

Requires oxygen

Glycolysis

Small amount of energy is captured to produce ATP. (Anaerobic)

Where does glycolysis take place?

Cytoplasm

What are the reactants of glycolysis?

Glucose (1) and ATP (2)

What are the products of glycolysis?

3 carbon pyruvic acid (2), NADH (2), and ATP (4)

What is the Kreb’s Cycle

Pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 in a series of energy extracting reactions

Where does the Kreb’s Cycle happen?

The matrix of the mitochondria

What are the reactants of the Kreb’s Cycle?

Pyruvic acid from glycolysis

What are the products of the Kreb’s Cycle?

CO2, heat, ATP, and FADH2.

Where does electron transport happen in eukaryotes?

Inner membrane of the mitochondria

What are the reactants of electron transport?

ATP from glycolysis+Kreb’s, and oxygen from atmosphere

What are the products of electron transport?

32 ATP and Water (2)

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and cellular respiration puts it back. Photosynthesis releases oxygen in the atmosphere and cellular respiration uses that oxygen to release energy from food.

What kind of reaction is glycolysis?

Anerobic

Acetyl - CoA

Enzyme that is responsible for combining carbon with Kreb’s Cycle

What are the steps in the Kreb’s Cycle?

1. Pyruvic acid is used to make NADH, ATP, and FADH. [

2. Acetyl - COA is used to make citric acid

   1. Citric acid is broken down into 4 carbon molecule, CO2 is released, and electrons are transferred to energy carrier

How many turns of the Kreb’s Cycle would result from one molecule of glucose?

2 turns, 1 glucose, 2 ATP

Where does electron transport take place in prokaryotes?

Cell membrane

What are the steps of electron transport?

1. Cell uses chemiosmosis to produce ATP

   1. Water is formed when oxygen accepts electrons with hydrogen

How much ATP is lost as heat?

64%

ATP Synthases

Enzymes contain in inner mitochondrion membrane that spin and grab ADP and attach phosphate to form ATP

How much ATP is produced from cellular respiration?

30-42

What is fermentation?

In the absence of oxygen, it releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP

What are the products of Alcoholic Fermentation

ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, and NAD+

Who uses alcoholic fermentation?

Yeast and few other organisms

What are the reactants of alcoholic fermentation?

Pyruvic acid and NADH

Where does alcoholic fermentation take place?

cytoplasm

What are the reactants of lactic acid fermentation?

pyruvic acid and NADH

What are the products of lactic acid fermatation?

Lactic acid and NADH+

Who uses lactic acid fermentation?

Humans and most other organisms

Where does lactic acid fermentation take place?

Cytoplasm

What does the body do when it needs a short burst of energy?

Uses ATP already available in muscles and ATP from lactic acid fermentation

What does the buildup of lactic acid do to the human body?

Muscle cramping, soreness, and fatigue

what does the body do for long term energy?

Pulls stored ATP from glycogen in muscles and other tissues.

What kind of reaction is fermentation?

Anaerobic