AP Biology: Organelles and their functions

Structure of cell wall:

Stiff, surrounds cell

Function of cell wall

Gives shape and support, helps plant stand upright, made of CELLULOSE

Structure of Cell Membrane:

Thin, flexible, like skin, semi-permeable

Function of cell membrane

Controls what goes in and out of the cell such as water, nutrients, and waste

Structure of the nucleus:

Large, round, near center of cell, appears darker

Function of Nucleus:

The brain of the cell, directs activities of the cell, contains chromosomes

Structure of nuclear membrane:

Thin layer, surrounds the nucleus

Function of nuclear membrane:

Protection, controls the materials that move in and out of the nucleus

Structure of mitochondria:

Oval, footprint shape

Function of mitochondria:

Powerhouse, burns sugar to produce most energy for the cell

Structure of Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.):

Ribbon like, folded membrane, tubes, can be smooth or rough

Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.):

Delivery system, passageways that carry materials from one part of the cell to another

Structure of Ribosome:

Tiny, dark, round, no membrane, can be attached to the E.R (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Function of Ribosome:

makes proteins and passes them to Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)

Structure of Golgi body:

stacks of flattened sacs, channels, folded membrane

Function of Golgi body:

receive proteins and other materials from the E.R. Packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell

Structure of Chloroplast:

Oval Shape

Function of Chloroplast:

Capture energy from the sun and use it to produce food for plant cells (Photosynthesis)

Structure of vacuole:

Large, round, fluid filled sac

Function of vacuole:

Stores water and nutrients needed by cell and also stores waste

Structure of Lysosome:

Small, round, bag like

Function of Lysosome:

Contains enzymes (chemicals) to digest wastes, foods, and worn or damaged cells.

Structure of a chromosome:

String like colored bodies

Function of a chromosome:

Carry the code material (DNA) that controls the cells activities

Structure of Cytoplasm:

Fluid, clear, jellylike

Function of Cytoplasm:

Constantly moving fluid that contains organelles, provides shape and support

What organelles are only located in PLANTS, not animals?

Cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole