Waves, Sound, & Light

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Biology

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37 Terms

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Wave
repeating motion that carries energy
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Medium
material through which waves transfer energy (solid/liquid/gas)
material through which waves transfer energy (solid/liquid/gas)
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Transverse Wave
medium moves at a right angle to the wave's direction
medium moves at a right angle to the wave's direction
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Crest
highest point of the wave
highest point of the wave
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Trough
lowest point of the wave
lowest point of the wave
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Longitudinal/Compressional Wave
medium vibrates in the same direction as the wave
medium vibrates in the same direction as the wave
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Compression
crowded area of the wave
crowded area of the wave
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Rarefaction
less crowded area of the wave
less crowded area of the wave
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Amplitude
distance from a wave's rest position to a crest or trough
distance from a wave's rest position to a crest or trough
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Wavelength
distance between two identical parts of a wave
distance between two identical parts of a wave
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Frequency
number of waves passing a point per second
number of waves passing a point per second
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Sound
energy transfer that creates an auditory sensation
energy transfer that creates an auditory sensation
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Pitch
how high or low a sound is
how high or low a sound is
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Intensity
how loud or soft a sound is
how loud or soft a sound is
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Natural Frequency
frequency that an object tends to vibrate at
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Resonance
increase in amplitude of a vibration when exposed to certain frequencies
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Doppler Effect
apparent change in pitch due to the sound source moving
apparent change in pitch due to the sound source moving
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Subsonic
below 20 Hz; humans can't hear
below 20 Hz; humans can't hear
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Ultrasonic
above 20,000 Hz; humans can't hear
above 20,000 Hz; humans can't hear
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Destructive Interference
2 waves meet and cancel out (softer or no sound)
2 waves meet and cancel out (softer or no sound)
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Constructive Interference
2 waves meet and combine (louder sound)
2 waves meet and combine (louder sound)
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Light
energy transfer that creates a visual sensation
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
full range of visible and invisible waves
full range of visible and invisible waves
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Radio Waves
lowest energy, longest wavelength; used in TV, radio, etc.
lowest energy, longest wavelength; used in TV, radio, etc.
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Infrared
lower frequency than red; used in heat lamps
lower frequency than red; used in heat lamps
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Visible Light
only waves humans can see; ROY G BIV (rainbow)
only waves humans can see; ROY G BIV (rainbow)
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Ultraviolet
higher frequency than violet; used in tanning beds
higher frequency than violet; used in tanning beds
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X-ray
makes pictures of inside solid objects
makes pictures of inside solid objects
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Gamma Ray
highest energy, shortest wavelength; in space
highest energy, shortest wavelength; in space
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Transparent
light is transmitted; can see through
light is transmitted; can see through
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Translucent
light is scattered; can see through, but blurry
light is scattered; can see through, but blurry
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Opaque
light is absorbed or reflected; can't see through
light is absorbed or reflected; can't see through
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Pigment
chemicals that control what light is absorbed and reflected
chemicals that control what light is absorbed and reflected
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Color
reflected wavelength of light
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Black
no wavelengths of light reflected (all absorbed)
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White
all wavelengths of light reflected (none absorbed)
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Filter
material that allows only one color of light to pass through

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