Chapter 24 - Catalytic Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation

Heck reaction

The ________ has the benefit of being compatible with alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, and ester functional groups.

new carbon carbon

To form a(n) ________ bond, a boron reagent (R9- BY2) is combined with an alkenyl, aryl, or alkynyl halide (typically Br or I) or triflate with a palladium salt.

Boranes

________ are created by hydroboration alkenes or alkynes.

Oxidative addition

________ and its counterpart, reductive elimination, are two key transition metal and complex processes.

Green chemistry and atom economy

________ are relatively new initiatives in the global chemical industry; their aims are strongly supported by organometallic catalytic reactions.

electrical characteristics

In some cases, ligands can be utilized to affect the ________, steric crowding, and even chirality surrounding the metal.

reductive relate

The names oxidative and ________ to the change in formal charge that happens on the metal during these reactions.

metal catalyst

The ________ reacts with the alkenes to generate a four- membered ring metallacycle, which decomposes to give starting materials or, by elimination in the other direction, to give a new alkene.

Borates

________ are created by combining aryl or alkyl lithium compounds with trimethyl borate.

inverse reaction

When a reagent adds to a metal, its coordination increases by two ligands, whereas reductive elimination is the ________.

alkyne anion

The addition of a nucleophile to a carbonyl or carboxyl group, commonly employing enolate nucleophiles (Grignard, ________, cyanide, aldol, Claisen, enamine, and Wittig)