PLD | Prelim

form designer

for building GUI applications

web designer

that creates dynamic web pages

class designer

that is used to create custom libraries

schema designer

for database support

menu bar

is a standard part of most windows application. graphical control element which contains drop-down menus that serve as selectable commands and options such as access to File, Edit, View, Project, Build, etc. functions.

Toolbar

contains frequently accessed functionality that is a subset of what is available via the menu bar.

Solution Explorer

contains items that represent the references, data connections, folders, and files that are needed to create the application which is usually represented by solutions, projects, and project items.

I can also contain multiple projects and items.

Toolbox

contains all the necessary context-sensitive list of controls, etc. that are needed to create a graphical user interface program.

These controls can be dragged and dropped onto the current Graphical User Interface Designer or Windows Forms.

Note: The GUI designer is available only in the Windows Form App Project which will be located in the Work Area.

Work Area / Editor Window

It is where you edit the code of your program.

For Windows Form App Projects, the GUI designer will be located on this same area.

Properties

this window provides a more detailed view of the project’s contents and controls which enables the user to edit or perform additional configuration or changes on the attributes or properties of individual elements/controls intended to enhance the graphical user interface designer.

Status Bar

is displayed as a horizontal bar at the bottom of the Visual Studio Environment used to display certain information or condition about the program being performed.

software

are set of programs designed and written to perform well-defined functions.

system software

is a type of computer software that takes control and coordinates the procedures and functions of computer hardware and applications such as an operating system, device drivers, utility softwares and alike.

application software

is a type of computer software that is meant to accomplish productive, meaningful and specific tasks for the user; these programs include word processors, spreadsheets, entertainment software and alike.

programming software

is a software which helps the programmer in developing other software such as systems and application software.

machine language

the only language the computer understands.

digits or bits of 0s and 1s which corresponds to specific data and instructions.

binary code

the sequence of 0s and 1s.

coding schemes

implemented where binary codes are systematically combined or grouped to represent a character that makes the language more human readable.

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII); American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

The ___ is at first, a 7 bit character code with 128 character set introduced by ___ to serve as a common language among computers.

EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code); International Business Machines (IBM)

_____ is an 8 bit character encoding used on _______ mainframes and AS/400s computers with 256 character set.

UNICODE (Universal Code); 65,536; ISO (International Organization for Standardization.

is a 16 bit character code with ___ character set develop by the ____ which aims to have a universal character set to resolve all encoding issues.

Assembly Language

is a mid-level language which uses alphanumeric mnemonic codes for set of instructions.

Assembler

is a program that translates a program written in assembly language into an equivalent program in machine language.

High-level language

It is a machine-independent language that enables the user to write programs that resemble English words and familiar mathematical symbols.

Each statement in a —- is a micro instruction which is translated into several machine language instructions.

Some of the earliest of these include BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL, C++, C

Algorithm

is a verbal or written description of a logical sequence of actions to solve problem or accomplish a task. it is a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem in a finite amount of time.

Programming

is a process of problem solving. It is the implementing of logic to facilitate specified computing operations and functionality.

Computer Programming

is the process of taking an algorithm and encoding it into a notation, a programming language, so that it can be executed by a computer.

Computer Program

is a list of instructions to be performed by a computer.

1. Problem-Solving Phase (analysis and specification, general solution (algorithm), verify)

2. Implementation Phase (concrete solution (program), test, modify (maintenance))

creating a computer programs are done in two-phase process.

analysis and specification

understand (define) the problem and outline the problem requirements.

general solution (algorithm)

develop a logical sequence of steps to be used to solve the problem.

verify

follow the steps exactly to see if the solution really does solve the problem.

concrete solution (program)

translate the algorithm into a programming language (writing the code).

test

have the computer follow the instructions. Then manually check the results.

modify (maintenance)

if you find errors, analyze the program and the algorithm to determine the source of the errors; and then make necessary corrections.

using

the __ keyword is used for including the namespaces in the program. A program can include multiple of these statements.

namespace

collection of classes

class

contains the data and method definitions that your program uses. They generally contain multiple methods.

methods

define the behavior of the class. The Main one is the entry point for all C# programs.

statements

are commands that are executed when the programmer runs the program.

Identifiers

are the names assigned by the programmer to C# elements such as classes, namespaces, methods, variables, etc.

1. must begin with letter or underscore. The first character cannot be a digit.

2. may contain letters, digits and underscores. I should not contain space or special characters.

3. should not be a C# keyword.

basic rules for naming a valid identifier

keywords

are reserved words that have special meaning in C#

keywords

You use them to tell the C# compiler about your program or to perform a specific task or function.

syntax

is the proper arrangement of parts or elements in creating, declaring or defining commands, statements, expressions, types and other program structures in order for it to execute. All statements must end with a ; in C#.

Comments

are used for explaining code or making remarks. The compiler ignores this when running the program.

multiline comments

/* */

single-line comments

//

Console.WriteLine Method

is used to write text to the console. This only apply to text-based applications.

Console.ReadLine Method

reads a line entered by the user, terminated by the Enter key.

CTRL + F5

Console is the text based screen (black and white) that will appear when u press ___.

Escape characters

are special two-character tokens in which the first character is a backlash followed by a character such that it represents a special meaning.

operator

a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations.

arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment operators

common types of operators

arithmetic operators

are used to perform mathematical operations.

relational operators

are used to allow comparison of two literals and/or variables

logical operators

operators that work with boolean data types and boolean expressions.

assignment operators

are used to allow assigning values to variables (this includes +=, -=, /=, *= etc.)

data types

are sets (ranges) of values that have similar characteristics

primitive

the most common data types are called ___ (built-in types or value types), because they are embedded in C# language at the lowest level and directly contains data when it is declared or allocated.

name, size, default value

data types are characterized by…

Convert

__class is being used to convert from strings to numbers and from other data types as well.

variable

is a named data storage location in your computer’s memory. By using a variable’s name in your program, you are, in effect, referring to the information stored there.

1. can contain letters, digits, and underscore.

2. cannot start with a digit

3. cannot coincide with a C# keyword.

4. note it is case sensitive

Naming variables in C#

<typename> <varname>

variable declaration has the following form…

typename; varname

____specifies the variable data type; ____is the name of the variable.

Literals

are data items that you enter into your code by a fixed value. These are interpreted by the compiler and converted into a C# data type.

constants; const

____refer to fixed values that the program may not alter during its execution. They are treated like regular variables except that their values cannot be modified after their definition.

they are defined using the ___ keyword.

sequential execution

the process in which statements are executed one after the other in the order in which they are written.

selection structure

used when it involves a kind of decision-making to determine which particular condition has occurred or not and execute certain statements accordingly.

boolean data types, relational operators, logical operators

selection structure includes the ff operators and data types for the boolean operations.

boolean data type

can only hold a true or false value

relational operators

intended for comparing two operands and the result will either be true or false

logical operators

used to form more complex conditions or expressions by combining simple conditions or expressions.

if selection structure

also called single-branch selection structure

if/else selection structure

two-branch selection structure

if/else-if/else

multi-branch selection structure

curly braces {}

used to group multiple statements together into a CODE BLOCK.

code blocks

are used with C# keywords and identifiers to define groups or chunks of related functionality such as a method or class.

blocks

when____are used in a selection structure, multiple statements are grouped and executed in a particular branch.