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Gargantua
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Honore Daumier
Realism
) Lithograph
) Louis Phillipe sitting on a chain being fed as the poor people put their money into the basket
) He poops out bills?
) He is money hungry, is lazy and money hungry
) Stealing from the people, getting money out of the people
) Based on a popular Story - a giant named Gargantua. Meant to be silly
) Insatiable, only concerned about himself.
) Pop culture reference
) Daumier had to go to prison because of this TT Phillipe did NOT like.
) They changed the rules of the press. You were no longer able to make commentary/jokes about the monarchy
) They called the king a pear, because he looks like one but also because it means he is stupid
) They seized all of the printings of this and burned them
Rue Transnonain
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Daumier
Realism
) Lithograph
) Printed and sold
) Murder that happened at nighttime in a bedroom
) Real even that happened, uncensored
) His body is shown fallen on top of the child to emphasize the chaos of the scene
) No drama and emotion like romanticism, more like the stark reality of the scene.
The Stonebreakers
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Gustave Courbet
Realism
) Submitted to the salon, gets destroyed pre world war II
) Age difference, young boy and father
) Clothing is falling apart, old and patched. Job doesn't make a lot of money
) Skin tone of the father is darker. He has been doing this job for a long time
) The public did not like this painting.
) The painting is too big to be genre painting, and didn't really tell a story
) They are uncomfortable about the subject matter
) They find this image actively threatening.
) People who look like this tend to overthrow the government. Very large scale, almost life sized people wielding deadly weapons.
) Courbet likes to be controversial
A Burial at Ornans
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Courbet
Realism
) Scale implies history painting
) In Ornans, a smaller town outside of paris where Courbet is from
) Half of the people are facing away from the grave
) Some people are looking upset and others are looking impatient
) Man in the front is flushed, implying he's drunk
) Mix of fine elements and painterly style, portions of the canvas are fine work and other parts are gestural and not as detailed
) A lot of people don't love it because there's no story, there's nothing happening
) They also think of it as threatening because there's a large group of lower class people gathered in a painting
) Courbet likes to send things to the salon. Sometimes he gets rejected from the salon but he likes that because he gets to make a fuss about it.
Luncheon on the Grass
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Manet
Realism
) Impressionism
) Making direct eye contact with the viewer
) Starkly naked next two two other very clothed men, her clothes discarded next to her
) She is not a holy figure or mythical woman, she is just a naked French lady TT
) Parisian park. Sex work is legal in paris but it is not legal to do in the park. This isn't really reflecting reality as it's not something one would see in a park
) The woman in the back is far too large for perspective
) The hat signifies that they are university students
) The environment is very painterly
) The men are strangely not interested in her, and she is looking at the viewer directly.
) The models are not posing together or in nature.
) People see it through the Salon de Refuses
) People are upset because of the undertones of prostitution and the imperfect monarchy
Olympia
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Manet
Realism
) Impressionism
) Not idealized, not very inviting, she looks like she just there to do her job
) Just a realistic depiction of what one would get with a prostitute. No religious or mythical connotations connected except for the obvious connections with the Venus painting.
) The cat is screaming!! Means promiscuity, whereas the dog in the venus painting meant fidelity and good marriage.
) You know she is a prostitute because we are the man in this situation, we handed her those flowers. Shs is also making eye-contact with the viewer
) She is wearing an extra amount of cloth, as if the gown was a hand-me-down
The Balcony
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Manet
Realism
) Wearing accessories to accentuate her nakedness
) There is a boy in the back, the son in the family. He is Manet's stepson
) The girl in the front is the friend of Manet's wife. She is a musician
) Dog underneath her dress
) She was good friends with Manet, he would frequently paint her and very beautifully so
) Haussmannization. The streets were constantly barricaded by people, so when Napoleon became king, he changed the streets so they couldn't take it over again. They also wanted to modernise the roads and got rid of all of the narrow streets.
) The family is engaged with the outside world, looking out to the streets and people watching
) The ladies are dressed pretty well.
) They are in a nice space, despite the darker interior.
A Bar at the Folies Bergere
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Manet
Realism
) There is a man in the reflection, but the perspective is a little off
) She doesn't look that interested with the man
) Very large nightclub, almost a theatre, full of people
) "Mistakes" that could be seen as mistakes or as Manet just messing with his viewers. Mostly the reflection
) She is not making great money, not a prestigious job; but she is wearing nice clothing that doesn't really fit this kind of work.
) The bar was known to employ sex workers. Everything on the table is for sale, including her. The man could possibly be arranging something for later.
) Manet depicts sex work in a way that is not idealized. He makes these scenes pretty realistic and makes them seem more human at a time where sex workers were generally looked down upon.
Romans of the Decadence
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Thomas Couture
Academic
) A party, drunk people, orgy style
) Historical painting
) Commentary about France. Shows the decadence of Rome
) People on the sides judgemental, on the left, sad idealized man; on the left, judgmental foreigners
) Even the statues look judgemental;
) A bit of subtle political commentary, hybrid of other movements
Boulevard des Capucines
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Claude Monet
Impressionism
) set in winter, snow in trees, cloudy skies
) en plein air - painting in the plain air, going outside
) Monet is on a balcony as he paints to get this angle
) Nothing is really centered in the painting
) Cuts off a lot of people; cutting things off gives you a more natural view of the world
The Rehearsal on the Ballet on Stage
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Edgar Degas
Impressionism
) Working class job
) Sexy, knees showing
) If you are working class women, it is common to be involved in sex work, including kids and young teenagers
) In order to progress in the field, you need sponsors. The two men on the side are there at the side, not really there for the art but paid to get access to the women
) He was lowkey misogynistic but was interested in drawing ballet figures
The Cafe Concert
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Edgar Degas
Impressionism
) Set in an entertainment venue
) Lady is actively singing
) Not painted in a flattering manner, just her in the exact moment
In The Loge
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Mary Casatt
Impressionism
) Born in america
) It's not socially acceptable for her, as a women, to go out and visit sketchy entertainment venues; most of her work is domestic in nature
) Set in an opera house, many viewers have binoculars
) The man in the back is ogling her with the viewers
) She is also people-watching, the opera is beneath them but she is looking out in front of her
) Flat style of painting, inspired by japanese woodblock prints
The Bathtime
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Kitagawa Utamaro
Impressionism
) Leaves behind the moving fabric, showing that they are outside
) Baby is giving her trouble, turning away and grasking at her arm
) Shows a moment of time, cropping part of her body/the tub to mimic the human eye
) The style helps emphasize that you are looking at a flat surface, like a window.
) the folds are used as a way to flatten the image
) The lady is idealized but the pose is unflattering.
The Bath
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Mary Cassatt
Impressionism
) Woman check the bath temperature for the baby
) The baby is trying to run away
) Similar idea with The bathtime, crop on the tub focusing on the moment
) Indoors, the wall and floor being two separate plane
) Her entire body is covered by her dress
) Simplified and flattened. She is not as idealised as The Bathtime, again another unflattering pose
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of the Grand Jatte
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Seurat
Post-Impressionism
) Salon des Artistes Indépendants - artists exhibiting outside of the official salon
) Mix of classes, working class man with a cap, men in tophats, and upperclass lady with huge gown
) Taking day trips were common back then. Weekends were created in the 19th century. People had different days off depending on class, so the working class man is skipping work
) Pointillism - small dots painted to create a bigger picture. Used for scientific art
) Monkey shows that the lady in blue is working class/sex works
The Circus
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Seurat
Post-Impressionism
) Called post-impressionism because a lot of people call their movement neo-impressionism when their styles and techniques are completely different.
) Live band at the top
) It is unfinished art
Opus 217
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Paul Signac
Post-Impressionism
) Felix is a critic, sells art, does journalism/ Friend of Signac; interested in impressionism
) Felix declines a portrait of him many times until he finally gives in, but he asks not to have it in profile
) Holding an orchid-like flower
) Use of color theory to create an abstract background
) Abstract print patterns resemble woodblock prints
) The mark making on the jacket are large while the dots on his face are very fine and detailed
) Side profiles are associated with kings and emperors- it suggests power
) Critics felt like it was a lot to look at
) Felix had no comments but he removed the painting from his home after Signac died
A Modern Olympia
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Paul Cezanne
Post-Impressionism
) Response to Manet's Olympia
) People find this painting hard to decipher - i sit a man looking at a painting on the wall or an actual woman in the room next to him?
) He doesn't really like Manet due to childhood beef
) He believes this is a modern reiteration of Olympia because it's in a more modernized style instead of old-timer realism?
) The man with the tophat is Cezanne himself, a self-portrait, except he refuses to wear the bourgeois outfit
) Confusing as to what the black woman is doing, if she is revealing the lady or covering her
) It is difficult to describe this as a finished piece.
Mont Sainte-Victoire with Large Pine
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Paul Cezanne
Post-Impressionism
) Landscape painting
) Mountains and the tree cutting in reminiscent of Japanese landscape prints
) Uses parallel brushstrokes to emphasise the flatness of the painting and creates a more cohesive and organized painting that he is looking to create.
Vision after the Sermon
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Paul Gauguin
Post-Impressionism
) Viewing an element of the old testament
) David in a literal headlock with an angel
) This is not a thing that is literally happening, its called "The vision after the sermon.
) They just had a sermon and they are experiencing a vision from God
) Everyone is pretty abstracted, not much of a sense of depthness in the scene.
) Branch separating reality from vision.
) Use of cloisonnism
) Using red - non-local color/doesn't belong there. Takes off during symbolism and post-impressionism. Used to gain an emotional response from people
) Red highlights he violence and struggle from the scene.
) They like to make it more confusing on purpose. People dislike it because it seems elitist, but they are trying to find a universal emotional response.
) Man on the far right, presumably a monk due to the hairstyle
The Talisman
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Paul Serusier
Symbolism
) Very abstract, made out of large visible brushstrokes
) Painting of a tree
) Simplified and broken down from a real life image
) If you see a tee has yellow in the leaves, try not to mix colors
Incantation
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Serusier
Symbolism
) Mystical witchy stuff
) Breten girls clothing, may be teens, not fully grown yet
) Nighttime in the woods, maybe lighting a fire
) Something wrapping around the tree, a small repeating pattern
) Color differentiations and patterns in the ground and in the tree
) Inspiration for - Theosophy. Mystical religion that takes off during the time. Argues that all religions in the world are reaching for the same god, but we all do it differently based on culture
) She seems like she is trapped in the wall or something
) She is in an odd stance, like she is melting into the wall
) The depth is a little off and abstract. He windowsill is super high and the mom looks very small compared to the size of the room
) Serusier loves his mom but paints her in this way, seemingly unflattering/not feminine
Homage to Cezanne
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Denis
Symbolism
) Big for a symbolism painting
) Noticeable members of the Nebis
) The man standing on the easel is the owner of the Gallery which sells art
) Kitty sitting on the easel legs
) Painting of Cezanne, fruits
) Lady on the very right, she is the only one looking at us
) The Lady is the face of his wife, he put her in there because he oves her, and often paints her face in many of his other works
) There is abstraction, flatness in the skin
) Patterning in the smoke rising and in the wall.
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Flashcard (25)