Salmonella

What are the symptoms of non-typhoidal salmonellosis?

• Nausea, vomiting, fever, non-bloody stool diarrhea —> sometimes bloody

• runs course in 2-5 days, usually

• usually not treated with antibiotics, just hydration

Do non-typhoidal Salmonella normally penetrate into the blood stream?

no, but there are rae cases of invasion of the blood stream: bacteremia and septic shock.

Is salmonellosis due to an infection or due to exotoxins?

It is due to an invasive infection

Where do non-typhoidal infections come from? 

• They come from contamination of livestock, food, or pets 

• not a human to human contact infection 

• we ingest Salmonella bacteria 

Do typhoidal Salmonella penetrate int he blood stream?

Yes!

• bacteria will escape the intestinal lining and get into the bloodstream

• it is picked up by macrophages that will deliver the bacteria to the spleen and liver ( eventually ot the gallbladder)

Why does typhoid fever have such delayed onset comapred to non-typhoidal?

• typhoid fever has such a delayed onset because the bacteria reaches the gallbladder, everytime it secretes bile it will secrete bacteria back into the top end of the gi tract = reinfect ourself.

• non- typhoidal lacks the ability to spread aggressively

What is the difference between typhoidal and non-typhoidal treatment?

typhoidal = antibiotics, hydration, and 1% mortality rate with treatment

non-typhoidal = not treated with antibiotics, just hydration

Describe the location of the bacteria in someone who is a typhoid carrier?

typhoid carrier = chronic gall bladder infection

• no symptoms

• sheds millions of Salmonella enterica Typhi in their feces

What is bacteria causes Typhoid Fever?

Salmonella enterica Typhi

How is typhoid fever transmitted?

• transmitted form human to human

• contaminated food, water with fecal material, no animal reservoir