APPSYCH- Temperament, Attachment, Cognitive, moral development, social development

Temperament

inborn predispositions to behave or react in a certain way

Easy temperament

adapt well to new experiences w/ regular sleeping and eating schedules

Difficult temperament

easily irritated & fussy w/ irregular sleeping and eating schedules

slow to warm up babies

inactive & withdrawn babies that take a long time to adopt to a new experience

attachment

emotional bond between child and caregiver

secure attatchment

viewing mother as a secure base to venture and explore. normal distress when mom leaves; calms down;happy when she returns. Later in life they become more resilient and self reliant

ambivalent attachment

great distress when mom leaves; not distressed while gone; uncomforted by her return

avoidant attachment

doesn’t notice when mom is leaving, not distressed while gone; doesn’t notice her return.

Sensorimotor period- birth 2

the main idea is that children are using their senses to explore the world.

object permanece

even though something is out of sight, it still exists (9 months, first sign of memory)

Preoperational period 2-7

absence of logical thought

egocentrism

inability to think from other perspectives

conservation

understanding that although outside characteristics change, it remains the same

animism

giving living characteristics to nonliving things

concrete operational 7-11y

children think logically w/ present problems, mastery of conservation

formal operational 11-adulthood

children can think abstractly & hypothetically

assimilation

explaining new experiences based on existing schemas (no change)

accomadation

changing existing mental schemas due to new experiences

preconventional level

moral decisions are based upon an external authority; doing something to be rewarded or avoid punishments.

conventional level

more decisions are done based upon societal rules. respect for law, others, and society

postconventional

moral decisions are based upon one’s own personal code of ethics; What may be morally right for one may not be right for all.