Chapter 47 Urinalysis

Vocab

artificial insemination

the injection of semen into the vagina or uterus using a catheter or syringe

catheter

a hollow flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel organ or cavity of the body to withdraw or instill fluid monitor information and visualize a vessel or cavity

creatinine clearance rates

results from a procedure used to evaluate the glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys

crystals

solid substances with a regular shape due to the structure of molecules

descanting

pouring a liquid gently so that it does not disturb the remaining sediment

esterase

any enzyme that breaks down esters (type of organic molecule) into alcohols and bacteria

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. it stimulates the growth of ova (eggs) in the ovary and induces the formation of sperm in the testis

glomerulonephritis

a kidney disease affecting the glomeruli of the nephron. Characterized by albumin in the urine, edema and high blood pressure

graduated cylinder

a narrow tube sharped container marked with horizontal lines to represent units of measurement, used to precisely measure the volume of liquids

homeostasis

the internal environment of the body that is compatible with life. a steady state that is created by all the body systems working together to provide a consistent and unvarying internal environment

ion

an electrically charged atom or the smallest component of an element. (a cation has a positive charge, and an anion has a negative charge)

jaundice

yellow discoloration of the skin, white of the eyes and mucous membranes due to increase of bilirubin in the blood

luteinizing hormone (LH)

hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. LH stimulates ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum in females and the production of testosterone in males

micturate

urinate

meatus

a body opening or passage especially the external opening of a structure

myoglobin

type of hemoglobin found in the muscle

nephrotoxic

damaging or destructive to the kidneys

normal flora

microorganisms (mostly bacteria and yeast) that live on or in the body. Normal microscopic residents of the body

phenylalanine

an essential amino acid found in milk, eggs and other foods

protozoa

single cell organisms that are the most primitive form of animal life. Most microscopic. Examples are amoebas, ciliates, flagellates and sporozoans

quantities

describes a test result that expressed as a number usually with units of measure attached to the numerical values

renal ischemia

blood flow deficiency to the kidney(s)

renal threshold

blood level of a substance above which the kidney fails to reabsorb it so the substance will appear in the urine

sediment

an insoluble material that settles to the bottom of a liquid specimen and the bottom of a centrifuged sample

supernatant

the clear liquid above the sediment in the centrifuged urine specimen