Mary I - foreign policy

January 1554?

Marriage Treaty with Spain and Wyatt Rebellion

July 1554?

Mary marries Philip of Spain

May 1555

Paul IV elected pope - anti spanish

April 1557?

Scarborough raid followed by England declaring war against France

January 1558?

England loses Calais

What were Mary's two main aims with foreign policy when she came to the throne? PS

Restore England to Papal Supremacy

What were Mary's two main aims with foreign policy when she came to the throne? MP

Marry Philip, heir to the Spanish throne

What did Mary do with her aims?

Achieve them - took longer than she anticipated

What became evident with foreign policy>

Difficult for England to remain neutral in any Franco-Spanish conflict

Who was one of the main instigators of the renewed Franco-SPanish conflict?

Paul IV

Who did Mary find herself at war with?

Papacy

Why was it so bad that Mary was in a war against the papacy?

She was a loyal daughter of the catholic church

When did England declare war on France?

1557

Why did England declare war on France in 1557?

Following a bizarre landing at Scarborough of French Troops led by Thomas Stafford

Who was Thomas Stafford?

Grandson of Duke of Buckingham who was executed in 1521

Who might have set up Stafford?

Paget who was the English Minister most anxious for war

Who enthusiastic about the prospect of war?

Many members of nobility

What did war offer to the nobility?

Offered a way for those who had been in disfavour because of their links with Edward to regain credit with the crown

How did the war campaign start?

Promising - assisting the Spanish at the successful siege of St Quentin and dealing with a minor incursion into England by Scots

Why did Philip want Mary's support in the war?

To help in the final stages of the struggle between the Spanish Habsburgs and French Valois monarchy

What did Mary do when she declared war on France?

Send troops across the channel to support Philip

What happened following victory at the battle of Saint-Quentin?

Spain was too financially exhausted to follow this up

What did Calais represent?

The last outpost of the great medieval empire that had included england and half of france

Why was losing Calais bad for England?

Symbolised the limited role the country could play in European affairs

Why was losing Calais bad for Mary?

Humiliating example of how her marriage was more of a convince for Spain than England

What did Mary's reign witness with the military?

Significant naval and militia reforms

How did the navy go through reforms under mary?

There was a complete reorganisation of the administration and finance of the navy

How many ships were built under Mary?

6

How much money did Mary grant the Navy?

£14,000

WHY Did Mary grant the navy £14,000

Peacetime allocation

What did Elizabeth do with the navy's £14,000?

Reduce it

Who was the treasurer of the navy?

Benjamin Gonson

Who was Benjamin Gonson answerable to?

Lord Treasurer Winchester

What did the navy reforms do in the long term?

Laid the basis of organisation which was crucial for Elizabeth with the Spanish Armada