Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 8- Joints

There are (Second/third word is ____) because it would be confusing to have more than 1 of the same answer if both options come up in a question. It's ball AND socket, not ball & socket

The 2 main functions of joints are to…

Give the skeleton mobility

Hold the skeleton together

The 3 structural classifications of joints are…

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Fibrous joints are ____ (Movement)

Immovable

A common example of a fibrous joint is…

Suture

Cartilaginous joints are ________ ____ (__Movement)

Slightly movable

If the order of the bones is as follows, what is the order of flexibility from LEAST to MOST?

Hinge, Pivot, Plane, Saddle, Ball and Socket, Condyloid (2 pairs will be in the same category)

2, 2, 1, 3, 4, 3

If the order of the bones is as follows, what is the order of flexibility from LEAST to MOST?

Saddle, Ball and Socket, Hinge, Plane, Condyloid, Pivot (2 pairs will be in the same category)

3, 4, 2, 1, 3, 2

A common cartilaginous joint is…

Ribs connecting to the sternum

Synovial joints are __ ____ (Movement)

Freely movable

The 6 types of synovial joints are…

Hinge, Pivot, Ball and Socket, Saddle, Condyloid, and Gliding

In fibrous structural joints, the bones are joined by (dense regular) __ ____

Fibrous tissues

In fibrous structural joints, there is no __ __

Joint cavity

In cartilaginous joints, articulating bones are united by ___

Cartilage

The pubic symphysis is an example of a ______ joint

Cartilaginous

Bones in ____ joints are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity

Synovial

The function of articular cartilage and synovial fluid is…

Reduce friction

The function of synovial cavities is to…

Hold fluid

The function of fibrous capsules and reinforcing ligaaments is to…

Support the joint

The function of synovial membranes is…

Produce synovial fluid

____ are sacs lined with synovial membranes and containing synovial fluid.

Bursae

Bursae are common where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones ________ together. (At ____ joints)

Rub, complex

The two muscle attachments across a joint are….

Origin and insertion

The origin in a joint is the attachment to the ____ bone

Immovable

The insertion in a joint is the attachment to the _____ bone

Movable

Tendons connect ___ to bone.

Muscle

Ligaments connect ____ to bone.

Bone

Flexion is the bending movement that ____ the angle of the joint.

Decreases

Extension is the reverse of flexion, where the joint angle is ____.

Increased

Dorsiflexion is the _____ movement of the foot. (Superior/inferior)

Superior

Plantar flexion is the _____ movement of the foot. (Superior/inferior)

Inferior

Abduction is movement ___ from the midline (frontal plane). (Away/toward)

Away

Adduction is movement ____ toward the midline (frontal plane). (Away/toward)

Toward

Circumduction is movement that describes a ____ in space.

Cone

____ is the turning of a bone around its own long axis.

Rotation

The first two vertebrae (C1 + C2) is an example of a ___ ___.

Rotation joint

The radius and _____ is an example of a rotation joint.

Ulna

Supination is the turning of the palm ____. (Up/down)

Up

Pronation is the turning of the palm ____. (Up/down)

Down

Inversion is the ___ movement of the foot. (Medial/lateral)

Medial

Eversion is the _____ movement of the foot. (Medial/lateral)

Lateral

Protraction is a ____ movement. (Forward/back)

Forward

Retraction is a ____ movement. (Forward/back)

Back

Elevation is a(n) _____ movement. (Upward/downward)

Upward

Depression is a(n) ____ movement. (Upward/downward)

Downward

Opposition is the movement of the ____ alone.

Thumb

Plane joints are the ____ flexible synovial joint.

Least

The articular surfaces in plane joints are essentially ____.

Flat

Plane joints are _____ joints.

Nonaxial/non-angular

Intercarpal and intertarsal joints are examples of ____ joints.

Plane

This is an example of a ___ _____ (Second word is joint)

Plane joint

Motion in hinge joints is along a ______ _____.__

Single joint

Hinge joints (_____) permit flexion and extention only.

Uniaxial

The humerus-ulna joint AND the knee are examples of ____ joints.

Hinge

This is an example of a _____ _______ (__Second word is joint)

Hinge joint

In a pivot joint, the rounded end of one bone ____ into a “sleeve” or ring of another.

Protrudes

Rotation/___axial movement is allowed at pivot joints.

Uni

This is an example of a __ ____ (Second word is joint)

Pivot joint

The bones C1 + C2 AND the radioulnar joint are examples of ____ joints.

Pivot

An ____ surface of one bone fitting into a depression of another bone is an example of a ____ joint.

Open, condyloid

Condyloid joints are _____, meaning they permit all angular movements

Biaxial

This is an example of a ______ _____ (Second word is joint)

Condyloid joint

The radiocarpal (wrist) and metcarpophalangeal (1st knuckle) joints are examples of ____ joints.

Condyloid

Saddle joints are similar to condyloid joints, but allow ____ movement. (Greater/lesser)

Greater

Saddle joints are __axial

Bi

This is an example of a _____ _____ (Second word is joint)

Saddle joint

In ___ joints, each articular surface has both a concave and a convex surface.

Saddle

The carpometacarpal joint of the _____ is an example of a ___ ____ (Second word is joint)

Thumb, saddle joint

Ball and socket joints are the _____ flexible joints.(Most/least)

Most

This is an example of a ____ ___ ______ _______(Fourth word is joint)

Ball and socket joint

____axial joints permit the most freely moving synovial joints.

Multi

The joint with the scapula and _____ is an example of a ball and socket joint.

Humerus

The joint with the _____ and acetabulum is an example of a ball and socket joint.

Femur

In ball and socket joints, the spherical head of one bone articulates with the _____ of another bone.

Socket

The shoulder has more movement than the hip because the head of the femur is ___ into the acetabulum than the head of humerus is in the ______ fossa.

Deeper, glenoid

Together, the femur, fibula, tibia, and patella make up the ____.

Knee

The knee allows flexion, ______, and some rotationext

Extension

There are _____ joints in one surrounded by a single joint

_____. **These are the femoropatellar joint, and the lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints.**

Three, cavity

The _CL is more likely to be damaged than the other ligament from a lateral force.

M

If you are hit from the lateral side of your leg, the ___ will be cushioned by the ligaments in the knee, but the ___ will have no cushioning and will tear. The same would happen with a force from the medial side of the leg.

LCL, MCL

The ______ cruciate ligament (ACL) prevents _____

Anterior, hyperextension

The ACL and PCL _____ at the knee joint. (Hint: X)

Cross

The medial and lateral meniscuses (menisci) act as _____.

Cushions

Flexion and extension occur on the _____ plane

Saggital

Adduction and abduction occur on the ____ plane.

Frontal

The MCL is _____(more/less) likely to be damaged than the LCL is.

More

The ACL is ____(more/less) ______ to be damaged than the PCL. (Two words)

More likely

Bursa will _____(Always/Not Always) be found at a synovial joint

Not always