Unit 5

What factors drove economic expansion in the 18th century?

The economic expansion was driven by the growth of trade, development of new technologies, and rise of colonialism.

What role did trade routes play in 18th-century economic expansion?

Newly established and expanded trade routes, such as the Atlantic slave trade, facilitated growth in trade.

What technologies contributed to increased productivity in the 18th century?

Technologies like the steam engine and spinning jenny increased manufacturing productivity and efficiency.

How did colonialism impact 18th-century economies?

Colonialism provided European powers with new markets and sources of raw materials, fueling economic growth.

What societal changes occurred due to economic expansion in the 18th century?

Economic expansion led to the growth of the middle class, increased urbanization, and industrialization.

What was the Enlightenment and its impact on politics in the 18th century?

The Enlightenment emphasized reason and individual rights, challenging monarchies and promoting democracy.

What was the significance of the Seven Years' War?

The Seven Years' War (1756-1763) was a global conflict that resulted in Britain emerging as a dominant colonial power.

What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution?

The French Revolution began with the financial crisis and social inequality in France, alongside the influence of Enlightenment ideas.

What were the Three Estates in French society?

The Three Estates were the clergy (First Estate), nobility (Second Estate), and common people (Third Estate), with stark privileges and burdens.

What was the purpose of the National Assembly formed in 1789?

The National Assembly aimed to draft a new constitution and address France's financial crisis while representing the common people.