Chapter 5: Life Processes

Flashcards about life processes, nutrition, and related concepts based on lecture notes.

__ movements are necessary for life because living organisms must repair and maintain their structures.

Molecular

The maintenance functions of living organisms must go on even when they are not doing anything particular and are called __.

life processes

The process to transfer a source of energy from outside the body of the organism to the inside is called __.

nutrition

The process of acquiring oxygen from outside the body, and to use it in the process of break-down of food sources for cellular needs, is called __.

respiration

The waste by-products from chemical reactions are needed to be removed from the body and discarded outside by a process called __.

excretion

__ are organisms that use simple food material obtained from inorganic sources in the form of carbon dioxide and water.

Autotrophs

__ are organisms that utilise complex substances and rely on consuming other things for survival.

Heterotrophs

Carbon and energy requirements of autotrophic organisms are fulfilled by __.

photosynthesis

During photosynthesis, autotrophs take in substances in the form of carbon dioxide and water which is converted into __ in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.

carbohydrates

The carbohydrates which are not used immediately are stored in the form of __, which serves as the internal energy reserve.

starch

The following events occur during the process of photosynthesis: Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll, conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen and __.

reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates

__ are tiny pores present on the surface of the leaves where massive amounts of gaseous exchange takes place.

Stomata

In terrestrial plants, water used in photosynthesis is taken up from the soil by the __.

roots

Parasitic nutritive strategy is used by a wide variety of organisms like cuscuta, ticks, lice, leeches and __.

tape-worms

In Amoeba, food is taken in using temporary finger-like extensions of the cell surface which fuse over the food particle forming a __.

food-vacuole

The __ is a long tube extending from the mouth to the anus.

alimentary canal

The saliva contains an enzyme called __ that breaks down starch which is a complex molecule to give simple sugar.

salivary amylase

The digestion in the stomach is taken care of by the __ glands present in the wall of the stomach.

gastric

The small intestine is the site of the complete digestion of __.

carbohydrates, proteins and fats

The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called __ which increase the surface area for absorption.

villi