FCCCA: Chapter 1 - Introduction to Computer Programming

identification

It is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations, and operations supported instructions provided

Computer

What is the “brain of the computer” called?

CPU or Central Processing Unit

This component of a computer is a physical structure that houses the processor, memory, storage, communication ports, and peripheral devices

Motherboard

A type of memory that can only be read and its contents are not lost even when the computer is switched off

Read-Only Memory or ROM

What type of software is specifically designed to perform a particular task for the user, such as word processing or playing a game?

Application Software

What is a set of instructions written in a programming language that tells a computer what to do?

Program

What is the term for a programming language that is close to machine code and interacts directly with the computer's hardware?

Low-level Language

What is the term for a temporary storage location in the computer's memory used to hold data that can be changed during program execution?

Variable

In computer programming, what is the term for a value that cannot be changed during the execution of a program?

Constant

This component of a computer is responsible for performing arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations. What is it?

Central Processing Unit or CPU

What input device is used to point, click, and drag on a computer screen?

Mouse

What CPU component directs the flow of data and instructions?

Control Unit

What is the other term for the Immediate Access Store (IAS)?

Main Memory

What memory type temporarily stores frequently used data for faster access?

Cache

What is the collective term for the programs that make a computer useful?

Software

What software directly controls and manages computer hardware?

System Software

What system software acts as the master control program of the computer?

Operating System (OS)

What type of system software maintains computer performance and security?

Utility Software

What software classification includes word processors, spreadsheets, and browsers?

Application Software

What software provides tools like compilers and text editors for creating programs?

Programming Software

What is the central repository where integrated data is stored for analysis?

Data Warehouse

What term refers to the human aspect of computer systems?

Peopleware

What is the programming language made up entirely of binary codes?

Machine Language

What low-level language uses mnemonics?

Assembly Language

What is one advantage of using low-level languages?

Fast and Memory Efficient

What is one disadvantage of using low-level languages?

Hard to Learn and Understand

What is one key trait of high-level languages compared to low-level ones?

Easier for humans to read, write, and understand because they use English-like language

What type of translator converts the entire program into machine code at once?

Compiler

What type of translator executes the program line by line?

Interpreter

What type of translator converts assembly language into machine code?

Assembler

What is one advantage of high-level languages in terms of readability?

Easy to code due to English-like language and easy to debug and maintain

What is one disadvantage of high-level languages compared to low-level?

Slower execution speed

What type of software is written mostly in low-level languages for efficiency?

System Software

What type of applications are developed using high-level languages?

Application Software

What language type is closer to human language and easier to learn?

High-level language

Which translator is known for fast execution but requires compilation before running?

Compiler

What type of language is machine dependent?

Low-level Language

What type of language is machine independent?

High-level Language

What type of language is faster in execution but harder to understand?

Low-level Language

What type of language is easier to learn but slower in execution?

High-level Language

What type of language requires knowledge of hardware architecture?

Low-level Language

What type of language allows programmers to focus on solving problems instead of hardware details?

High-level Language

What type of shell uses text commands typed by the user?

Command-Line Shell

What type of shell uses icons, windows, and menus for interaction?

Graphical Shell

What is the common abbreviation for a command-line interface shell?

Command Line Interface

What is the common abbreviation for a graphical user interface shell?

Graphical User Interface

What shell requires users to memorize commands to operate?

Command-Line Shell (CLI)

What shell is easier for beginners because of its visual elements?

Graphical Shell (GUI)

What shell is generally faster and more efficient for advanced users?

Command-Line Shell (CLI)

What shell is common in modern operating systems like Windows and macOS?

Graphical Shell (GUI)

What shell is typically used in Linux systems for administrative tasks?

Command-Line Shell (CLI, usually Bash)

What shell is considered more user-friendly but consumes more resources?

Graphical Shell (GUI)