Chapter 2 chemistry of life

Adhesion

Molecules sticking to other things

Cohesion

Molecules sticking to each other

Amino acids

Monomers/building blocks of proteins

Amino group(NH2)

Nitrogen and hydrogen together

Carboxyl group(COOH)

Group of amino acids and proteins

Atom

Smallest unit of matter

Catalyst

Substance that speeds up chemical reactions

Compound

Two or more elements chemically combined

Dehydration synthesis

Reactions that build large molecules by removing water

Hydrolysis

Reaction that breaks molecules by adding water

Element

A pure substance made of one kind of atom

Enzymes

Proteins that act as catalysts, end in “-ase”, reusable, and very specific

Glycogen

Animals starch, energy storage in animals

Isomers

Same molecular formula but different structure

Macromolecules

Large organic molecules(examples are proteins, lipids, nucleic acids)

Molecular formula

Tells you which elements and how many are in a molecule

Molecule

Two to more atoms bonded together

Monomers

Small building blocks that form polymers

Nucleotides

Building blocks of nucleic acids(DNA and RNA)

Organic chemistry

Study of carbon-containing compounds

Organic compounds

large molecules that contain carbon

Polymers

Chains of repeating monomers

Reactants

Substances that start a chemical reaction

Products

Substances made after a chemical reaction

Solute

Substance that gets dissolved(example is sugar)

Solvent

Substance that dissolves another(like water)

Solution

Even mixture of solute and solvent

Starch

Plant storage form of glucose

Structural formula

Diagram that shows how atoms are arranged

Why is it important to study chemistry in biology?

So it provides you a foundation of understanding of all life processes. It goes from the molecular structure of DNA and proteins to complex reactions.

Four most common elements in living things

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Four macromolecules and their functions

Carbs- energy

Lipids- energy storage

Proteins- building and repairing

Nucleic acids- genetic info

What is a monomer with both an amino and carboxyl group?

Amino acid

How do disaccharides form?

By joining 2 monosaccharides using dehydration synthesis

Examples of polysaccharides

starch, cellulose, and glycogen

What is a disease linked to lipid build up in arteries?

Cardiovascular disease

Characteristics of enzymes

Highly specific, reusable, end in -ase

How amino acids differ from each other?

By their R group side chain

How do proteins differ each other?

By the order and number of amino acids

Monomers of starch

Glucose

Monomers of proteins

Amino acids

Lock and Key and Jigsaw Puzzle Theories

all explain how enzymes fit exactly with their substrates to make reactions happen

Benedict’s test

Testing for simple sugars, turns orange if positive( other colors could be red yellow or green)

Iodine test

Testing for starch, turns black or dark blue if positive

Solubility test

Testing if a substance dissolves in water, lipids don’t dissolve

Translucent spot test

Testing for lipids, grease spot means positive

Xanthoproteic test

Testing for proteins, turns yellow if positive

Universal solvent

Water