Abdominal Regions
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Abdominal Wall
The wall of the abdomen made up of muscles, fascia, and skin that encases the abdominal organs.
Peritoneum
A serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers abdominal organs.
Visceral Fat
Fat that is stored within the abdominal cavity, surrounding internal organs.
Parietal Fat
Fat located under the skin of the abdomen.
Rectus Sheath
The fibrous sheath formed by the aponeuroses of the oblique muscles that contains the rectus abdominis muscle.
Linea Semilunaris
The curved line along each side of the rectus abdominis muscle, marking the lateral border of the rectus sheath.
Thoracoabdominal Nerves
Nerves that provide motor innervation to abdominal muscles and sensory innervation to the skin of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall.
Oblique Muscles
Muscles that run diagonally across the abdomen, including the external and internal obliques, responsible for trunk rotation and lateral flexion.
Diaphragmatic Domes
The peaks of the diaphragm which ascend into the thoracic cavity, affecting the size of the thoracic cavity during breathing.
Hesselbach's Triangle
An anatomical area located in the lower abdomen that is significant for inguinal hernias.
Inguinal Canal
The canal through which structures pass from the abdomen to the outside of the body, including the spermatic cord in men and the round ligament of the uterus in women.
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, often seen in liver disease.
Epigastric Region
The area of the abdomen located above the umbilical region, containing parts of the stomach and liver.
Umbilical Region
The central region of the abdomen that contains the umbilicus and parts of several organs.
Hypogastric Region
The lower central region of the abdomen, containing parts of the bladder and reproductive organs.
Lateral Abdominal Muscles
Muscles that include the external and internal oblique and transversus abdominis, involved in the stabilization of the trunk.
Abdominal Visceral Organs
Organs located within the abdominal cavity, such as the stomach, liver, and intestines.
Mesentery
A fold of tissue that attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.
Retroperitoneal Space
The anatomical space behind the peritoneum, containing kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, aorta, and inferior vena cava.
Peritoneal Cavity
The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum, which can contain peritoneal fluid.
Greater Omentum
A large fold of peritoneum extending from the stomach, covering the intestines, and containing fat, blood vessels, and lymphatics.
Lesser Omentum
A peritoneal fold that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach, containing important blood vessels.
Falciform Ligament
A ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm.
Liver Lobule
The functional unit of the liver, consisting of liver cells (hepatocytes) arranged in a hexagonal structure around a central vein.
Celiac Trunk
The major arterial source for the abdominal organs, branching into the stomach, liver, spleen, and parts of the small intestine.
Hepatic Portal Vein
Vein that carries blood from the digestive organs and spleen to the liver for nutrient processing.
Rugae
Folds in the stomach lining that allow for expansion and increase surface area for digestion.
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
The Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen houses vital organs such as the liver (specifically the right lobe), gallbladder, right kidney, portions of the small intestine, and segments of the colon. This area is crucial for digestion and metabolic processes.
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
The Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) contains important structures, including the left lobe of the liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, parts of the small intestine, and colon. This quadrant plays a role in digestion and filtering blood.
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
The Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) is characterized by the presence of the appendix, cecum, right ovary (in females), right fallopian tube (in females), right ureter, and portions of the small intestine. It is a key area for diagnosing appendicitis and other reproductive issues.
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
The Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) includes the left ovary (in females), left fallopian tube (in females), left ureter, parts of the small intestine, and sections of the colon, making it significant for reproductive health and digestive processes.
Iliac Crest
The Iliac Crest is the curved superior border of the iliac bone that can be easily palpated on the hips. It serves as a significant anatomical landmark and is commonly used for identification of body regions.
Pubic Symphysis
The Pubic Symphysis is a cartilaginous joint located between the left and right pubic bones, providing stability and support to the pelvis during movement.
Rectus Abdominis Muscle
The Rectus Abdominis muscle is a long, strap-like muscle located along the midline of the abdomen. It plays a crucial role in flexing the vertebral column and compressing the abdominal cavity, contributing to posture and core stability.
Transversalis Fascia
Transversalis fascia is a thin layer of connective tissue that covers the inner surface of the deepest muscle layer in the abdominal wall, providing support and structure to the abdomen.
Superior Epigastric Artery
The Superior Epigastric Artery is a major blood vessel that is a continuation of the internal thoracic artery. It supplies blood to the diaphragm and upper abdominal organs, ensuring oxygen and nutrients reach these areas.
Diaphragm
The Diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle with a central tendon that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It plays a critical role in respiration by contracting and relaxing to facilitate breathing.
Linea Alba
The Linea Alba is a dense band of connective tissue that runs along the midline of the abdomen from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis, serving as an important attachment site for abdominal muscles.
Urachus
The Urachus is a remnant of the allantois that drained the developing bladder during fetal development. It runs alongside the umbilical cord and typically becomes fibrous in adults.
Arcuate Line
The Arcuate Line marks the point of transition in the rectus sheath, where the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles change, indicating a structural boundary in the abdominal wall.
Caval Opening (T8)
The Caval Opening is a crucial aperture in the diaphragm located at the level of the T8 vertebra, allowing for the passage of the inferior vena cava and the right phrenic nerve, vital for circulatory and respiratory functions.
Esophageal Hiatus (T10)
The Esophageal Hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm situated at the T10 vertebral level, permitting the esophagus and vagal trunks to pass from the thoracic cavity into the abdominal cavity, essential for digestion.
Aortic Hiatus (T12)
The Aortic Hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm at the T12 vertebral level that facilitates the passage of the aorta, thoracic duct, and azygos vein, which are essential for the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.
Inferior Phrenic Arteries
The Inferior Phrenic Arteries are vessels that branch off from the abdominal aorta, supplying blood to the diaphragm, which is necessary for its function in respiration.
Phrenic Veins
The Phrenic Veins are responsible for draining blood from the diaphragm into the inferior vena cava and the internal thoracic vein, playing a role in venous circulation.
Abdominal Wall
The Abdominal Wall consists of layers of muscles, fascia, and skin that encase the abdominal organs, providing protection and maintaining intra-abdominal pressure necessary for various functions.
Peritoneum
The Peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and envelops the abdominal organs, facilitating movement and providing a supportive environment for these structures.
Visceral Fat
Visceral Fat refers to fat deposits that accumulate within the abdominal cavity, surrounding internal organs, and is associated with various health risks, including metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases.
Parietal Fat
Parietal Fat is the fat located just beneath the skin of the abdomen, contributing to body shape and providing insulation and cushioning.
Rectus Sheath
The Rectus Sheath is a fibrous structure formed by the interlacing aponeuroses of the oblique muscles that encases the rectus abdominis muscle, providing support and protecting abdominal contents.
Linea Semilunaris
The Linea Semilunaris is a curved line along each side of the rectus abdominis muscle, marking its lateral boundary and serving as an anatomical reference.
Thoracoabdominal Nerves
Thoracoabdominal Nerves are a group of nerves that innervate the abdominal muscles, providing motor control and sensory innervation to the skin of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall, playing a key role in movement and sensation.
Oblique Muscles
Oblique Muscles, including the external and internal obliques as well as the transversus abdominis, run diagonally across the abdomen and are responsible for trunk rotation, lateral flexion, and stabilization of the core.
Diaphragmatic Domes
The Diaphragmatic Domes are the elevated portions of the diaphragm that extend into the thoracic cavity, influencing the size of the thoracic cavity during the breathing cycle.
Hesselbach's Triangle
Hesselbach's Triangle is an anatomical region located in the lower abdomen that is clinically significant for identifying inguinal hernias, bordered by the inferior epigastric vessels, inguinal ligament, and rectus abdominis muscle.
Inguinal Canal
The Inguinal Canal is a passage in the lower abdominal wall through which various structures, such as the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament of the uterus in females, traverse to the outside of the body.
Ascites
Ascites is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity, often caused by liver disease or other conditions, leading to abdominal distension and discomfort.
Epigastric Region
The Epigastric Region is the section of the abdomen located directly above the umbilical region, encompassing parts of the stomach and liver, and often a focus in medical examinations.
Umbilical Region
The Umbilical Region is the central portion of the abdomen that contains the umbilicus and sections of several organs, serving as a key landmark for anatomical orientation.
Hypogastric Region
The Hypogastric Region is situated in the lower central abdomen and contains parts of the bladder and reproductive organs, making it important for both urinary and reproductive health.
Lateral Abdominal Muscles
Lateral Abdominal Muscles include the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis, which are involved in stabilizing the trunk and assisting in lateral movements.
Abdominal Visceral Organs
Abdominal Visceral Organs encompass the internal organs located within the abdominal cavity, such as the stomach, liver, intestines, and kidneys, which perform vital functions for digestion and metabolism.
Mesentery
The Mesentery is a fold of tissue that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics crucial for supplying and supporting the intestines.
Retroperitoneal Space
The Retroperitoneal Space is an anatomical compartment located behind the peritoneum, housing vital structures such as the kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, aorta, and inferior vena cava, with significant implications for surgical procedures.
Peritoneal Cavity
The Peritoneal Cavity is the potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum, which may contain peritoneal fluid that facilitates movement of the abdominal organs.
Greater Omentum
The Greater Omentum is a substantial fold of peritoneum extending from the stomach, covering the intestines and containing fat, blood vessels, and lymphatics, playing a role in immune response and fat storage.
Lesser Omentum
The Lesser Omentum is a peritoneal fold that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach, including vital blood vessels and providing support to the digestive organs.
Falciform Ligament
The Falciform Ligament is a ligamentous structure that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm, aiding in the stabilization of the liver's position.
Liver Lobule
The Liver Lobule is the functional unit of the liver, comprised of hepatocytes arranged in a hexagonal structure around a central vein, facilitating filtration and metabolic functions.
Celiac Trunk
The Celiac Trunk is the major arterial source for the abdominal organs, branching out to supply blood to the stomach, liver, spleen, and parts of the small intestine, essential for nutrient delivery.
Hepatic Portal Vein
The Hepatic Portal Vein is a major vein that transports blood from the digestive organs and spleen to the liver, allowing for nutrient processing and detoxification.
Rugae
Rugae are the folds in the lining of the stomach that allow for expansion when the stomach is filled with food, while also increasing the surface area for digestion.
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