APUSH Period 6 Review

5 factors (causes) for the rise of big business

• Industrialization

• Technological advancements (e.g., railroads, telegraphs)

• Abundant natural resources

• Access to capital and investment

• Laissez-faire government policies

3 positive effects of big business

• Increased production and innovation

• Lower prices for goods

• Economic growth and job creation

3 negative effects of big business

• Exploitation of workers

• Monopolies limiting competition

• Environmental degradation

3 examples of consolidation

• Horizontal integration (e.g., Rockefeller's Standard Oil)

• Vertical integration (e.g., Carnegie Steel)

• Trusts and holding companies

2 attempts at regulation

• Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)

• Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

2 Gilded Age business philosophies

• Social Darwinism

• Laissez-faire capitalism

main idea of the "Gospel of Wealth"

The wealthy have a moral obligation to use their riches for the benefit of society.

2 parts of the New South Creed (business recruitment)

• Diversify the Southern economy (industrialization)

• Promote investments in railroads and factories

2 factors for the success of the AFL

• Focused on skilled workers

• Emphasized practical goals like wages and hours

3 Gilded Age strikes and how they ended

• Great Railroad Strike (1877): Crushed by federal troops

• Haymarket Affair (1886): Ended in violence and arrests

• Pullman Strike (1894): Broken by federal intervention

4 company tactics to limit unions & strikes

• Blacklisting workers

• Hiring strikebreakers (scabs)

• Lockouts

• Yellow-dog contracts

4 characteristics of "New Immigrants"

• Came from Southern and Eastern Europe

• Primarily Catholic, Orthodox, or Jewish

• Settled in urban areas

• Faced significant discrimination

4 urban issues

• Overcrowding in tenements

• Poor sanitation

• Crime and corruption

• Lack of clean water

4 ways people enjoyed leisure time

• Amusement parks

• Vaudeville shows

• Sports (e.g., baseball)

• Reading newspapers or dime novels

4 individuals or groups involved with  urban reform

• Jane Addams (Hull House)

• Jacob Riis (photographer and journalist)

• Salvation Army

• Settlement house movement

4 Gilded Age entrepreneurs

• Andrew Carnegie

• John D. Rockefeller

• Cornelius Vanderbilt

• J.P. Morgan

3 national political issues

• Tariff debates

• Monetary policy (gold vs. silver)

• Civil service reform

3 groups who supported Democrats

• Southern whites

• Urban immigrants

• Northern laborers

3 groups who supported Republicans

• Northern industrialists

• African Americans

• Farmers in the West and Midwest

2 African American civil rights leaders & Plessy v. Ferguson decision

• Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois

• Plessy v. Ferguson upheld "separate but equal" segregation

4 issues facing farmers

• Falling crop prices

• High railroad rates

• Debt and foreclosure

• Overproduction

4 parts of the Populist Party platform

• Free coinage of silver

• Direct election of senators

• Government ownership of railroads

• Graduated income tax

4 effects of Westward migration

• Displacement of Native Americans

• Growth of railroads and towns

• Environmental changes (e.g., deforestation)

• Expansion of agriculture and mining industries