Diagnostic Imaging Final Review

A is hyperechoic compared to B

How does A relate to B in echogenicity?

Cranial to the left

Which is oriented correctly?

Anechoic

Describe a fluid-filled structure in echogenicity.

Image with better detail

Which has the higher mAs?

Size, shape, number, location, margination, opacity

What are the 6 Roentgen signs?

CT scan

Which would be best for surgical bone repair?

Air, fat, water, bone, metal

Order of scale; black to white

to reduce scatter

Why do we use collimation?

Quantity of xrays produced

What is mAs?

Positive contrast

What is the procedure for a ruptured bladder?

Free fluid

Radiograph; can't see much in abdomen - why?

Laminitis

Horse lame in all four legs; image of hoof

Metacarpal periositis

3 y/o horse with metacarpal pain; radiograph shows bone thickening- what caused this?

dorsopalmar oblique

Which shows the distal border of the navicular bone?

Lateromedial

What is the most important view for laminitis?

Renomegaly

Cat image with large kidneys and ureters- what is this called?

Odd behavior when under saddle

Lame on all four legs

Neck bent?

What is an indication for spinal radiographs?

Malalignment

What is wrong with this spine?

Linear foreign body

Dx of cat vomiting;

Sedation

2 yo chihuahua vomiting, sedated for radiographs, what is reason for splenomegaly?

Medial femoral epicondyle

3 y/o horse lameness, effusion of stifle, where is the cyst?

left kidney

What structure is this?

Identify GI obstruction

Evaluate GI function

What are the uses of contrast?

T99

What radio drug is given for scintigraphy

Valgus

What is the term for lateral angulation?

GDV

10 yo lab with abdominal distention, panting- what has caused this?

4 hours

What is the Max time for the stomach to empty?

Navicular syndrome

A Horse lame in four digits- what has caused this?

Fat

What are these opacities on the cat?

Dorsal and lateral

Where to put the marker for equine fetlock radiographs?

Guttural pouch

What structure is this in a horse?

Caudal displacement of the stomach

Common with a large liver

Free gas

What is an indication for taking a horizontal beam radiograph?

adrenal gland

What organ is hard to see on radiographs?

Ureters

What is another organ that is hard to see on radiographs?

Liver

What organ is this?

Dorsomedial

Where is this fragment located?

Type III

What fracture type is this?

Binds to hypoxyapetite

How is T99 taken up in the bone phase?

Costly to client

Not enough contrast material

What are the pitfalls of GI contrast?

Spleen

What organ is this?

OCD in distal tibia

2 yo horse w talocrural joint effusion; left hock lesion

Functional ileus

Dog vomiting and after radiographs a second radiograph reveals gas has decreased- what kind of ileus is this?

18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) and 18Ffluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)

What is the mechanism of PET scan?

Hepatomegaly

What is an enlarged liver called?

Gastroenteritis

3 yo MBD with diarrhea for 2 days- what has caused this?

CT scan

What Imaging is used for repairing fractures?

Pyometra

Female dog with vaginal discharge, vomiting, lethargy-what has caused this?

Megaesophagus

What occurs in a dog with a persistent right aortic arch?

Cardiomegaly from left atrial enlargement

Image of 6yo terrier with cardiac murmur and raspy lung- what do you see?

hepatomegaly/splenomegaly

What are the characteristics of right-sided heart failure?

alveolar

What lung pattern is this?

Mediastinal reflection

What structure is indicated by the arrow?

Center in on thorax and stretch thoracic limbs cranially

What changes would you make to this radiograph of a feline?

Structure interstitial

What lung pattern is this?

Pneumothorax

Dog with dyspnea and radiograph shows heart lifted dorsally- what has caused this?

Pleural effusion

Image where it's hard to see heart; what is the principle finding?

Split bronchi

What is seen on a radiograph for left atrial enlargement

Normal cardiac silhouette

Describe the heart in this image?

Megaesophagus

Patient with vomiting and regurgitation shows this radiograph- what do you see?

Bronchiolar

What Lung pattern of young cat with respiratory signs is this?

<2.5

What is the Size of this feline cardiac silhouette?

Tracheobroncolar

What lymph node is this?

Lobar signs

What is a characteristic of an alveolar pattern?

Interstitial lung pattern

What radiographic finding of this dog with Heartworm disease?

Metastatic disease

12 yo MN canine with inappetence, labored breathing, and weight loss- what is wrong with this dog?

Increased horizontal location of the heart

What is a normal variation of a geriatric cat?

seen on the image

Where is the left ventricle

megaesophagus

What can cause ventral displacement of the trachea?

3

How many radiograph views for the thorax?

Pulmonary artery enlargement

What radiographic changes are seen with heartworm disease?

Dilated cardiomyopathy

What is a Common cause of a globoid heart?

Panosteitis

10 y/o German Shepherd comes in with lameness on the right hind leg; what is the radiographic finding?

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy

6 month old Lab with distal limb swelling and the metaphysis is warm to the touch.- What is wrong with it?

Tibial tuberosity

What anatomical location is indicated by the arrow?

Alveolar

Which lung pattern prevents visualization of blood vessels?

Mineralization of intervertebral discs

What is going on with this radiograph?

Comminuted

What fracture type has bone in multiple pieces where you can't find and definite origin of fracture?

Spondylosis deformans

What abnormality is shown in this radiograph of the spine?

They should be aligned in a straight line

In a VD radiograph, how should you align the spinous processes?

Vertebral body

What is the anatomical structure indicated?

Long zone of transition

What is characteristic for an aggressive bone lesion?

Complete

Closed

Comminuted

What describes this bone fracture

For viewing lesions of the spinal column you may have missed on radiograph

Indication for myelography?

Type IV

Which Salter-Harris fracture is pictured?

General enlargement with left atrial enlargement

8 y/o FS german shorthair pointer presents with exercise intolerance after hunting; what do these radiographs show about the cardiac silhouette?

5 mm

What is the minimum size for a nodule to show up on radiographs?

Primary bone tumor

6 y/o dog lame on the limb shown- what kind of tumor is this?

Mineralized cartilaginous flap

What is a Common finding of OCD?

Flat femoral head

What is the most common finding of OCD in dog shoulder?

Mastiff

What breed is most common to have a retained cartilaginous core?

Incongruity

What radiograph condition a result of premature physeal closure?

Ill-defined margins

Irregular periosteal proliferation

Cortical lysis

Define an aggressive bone lesion?

Closed intervertebral space

What is seen in IVDD?

Osteophytes

A Wheaton terrier with chronic lameness shows this:

To evaluate ligamental damage

What is the primary reason for stress radiographs of a joint?

7 y/o GSH with extreme asymmetry of the skull

8 yo lab with something with nasal

Which would warrant radiographs of the skull?

Femoral condyles

With lateral radiographs of stifle joint, what should be aligned?

Core lesion

7 year old thoroughbred presents with acute lameness, swelling of metacarpal?; ultrasound shows this- what is this?

Mucosa to lumen

How do you measure the small intestine for dilation?