APEURO UNIT 1 #2 The Northern Renaissance

moveable type printing

A revolutionary method of printing developed by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, which used individual letters made of metal to create text on paper, greatly facilitating the production of books and the spread of knowledge

Johannes Gutenberg

Inventor of the printing press and pioneer of moveable type printing, he played a key role in the spread of the Renaissance and Reformation ideas

Pieter Breughel

A prominent Dutch painter known for his landscapes and peasant scenes, he is celebrated for his detailed and vibrant depictions of rural life and complex compositions; a demonstration of the focuses of the Northern Renaissance on human experience and everyday activities

paterfamilias

In Roman society, the paterfamilias was the male head of a family or household, holding significant legal authority and responsibility over family members; with the Northern Renaissance, this was reenforced.

scholasticism

a method of critical thought and inquiry that dominated the Middle Ages, combining classical philosophy with Christian theology, influencing education and intellectual discourse during the Northern Renaissance.

Desiderius Erasmus

a Dutch humanist and theologian who was a key figure in the Northern Renaissance, known for his writings that emphasized education, morality, and the reform of the Church. His work, such as "In Praise of Folly," critiqued society and religion, promoting a return to the original texts of Christianity.

In Praise of Folly

a satirical work by Desiderius Erasmus that critiques the corrupt practices of society and the Church, advocating for a more sincere Christian faith.

realism

a political ideology utilized by Machiavelli that focuses on pragmatic and often harsh assessments of political power and human nature, emphasizing the importance of realpolitik over idealism.

Thomas More

An English lawyer, social philosopher, and author best known for his book "Utopia," which presents a vision of a perfect society and critiques contemporary society's issues.

Utopia

a fictional book by Thomas More that describes an ideal society on an imaginary island in the New World

Book of the City of Ladies

a work by Christine de Pizan that challenges gender stereotypes and defends women's roles in society by portraying notable women from history leading a society

Christine de Pizan

a pioneering feminist writer from the late Middle Ages, known for advocating for women's rights and education

Rembrandt

a Dutch painter and etcher, renowned for his mastery of light and shadow, as well as his profound emotional depth in portraits and historical scenes; much more emphasis on ordinary people

Christian Humanism

a Renaissance movement that sought to reform Christianity through the study of classical texts and emphasized moral and ethical teachings

led to an impulse for reform in the Northern Renaissance

Gutenberg Bible

the first major book printed using movable type, produced by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century; it marked a significant advancement in the dissemination of knowledge.

Vernacular Literature

literature written in the native language of a region, allowing broader access to texts during the Northern Renaissance; this grew and solidified national cultures