Elements of Poetry Test

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2 Line stanza

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41 Terms

1

2 Line stanza

Couplet

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2

3 Line stanza

Tercet

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3

4 Lines stanza

Quatrain

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4

5 Line stanza

Cinquain

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5

6 Line stanza

Sestet

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6

7 Line stanza

Septet

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7

8 Line Stanza

Octave

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8

Couplet

Two lines of the same length which rhyme

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9

Purpose of a stanza

Group ideas/images together

indicate a change in tone/idea/focus

breaks can be a pause for thought/create a brief silence (holds meaning)

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10

Line length affects

Speed of reading

one shorter line among loner ones is emphasized

affects tone and meaning

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11

End stop

break at the end of a line

deonted by comma, period, semicolon, etc

creates brief pause between lines

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12

Enjambement

Continuation of a sentence/clause over a line break

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13

Caesura

A strong pause or stop within a line

line location:

  • medial - middle

  • initial - beginning

  • terminal - end

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14

Metaphor

A figure of speech that implies he’s a comparison between two unlikely things

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15

Simile

A comparison between two unlike things, usually with the words “like” or “as”

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16

Personification

The giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or abstract idea

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17

Hyperbole

An exaggerated statement used to emphasize an idea or make a point

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18

Synecdoche

A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole, or the whole for a part

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19

Euphemism

A “softer” more inoffensive word or phrase, used as a substitute for one considered too harsh when referring to something unpleasant or embarrasing

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20

Pun

A play on words; can be on different meanings of the same word or on the similar sense/sound of different words

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21

Oxymoron

When incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side

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22

Anaphora

The repetition of a word/phrase at the beginning of successive clauses

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23

Allusion

A reference to a well-known person, story or idea (often a biblical or mythological reference); it is left to the reader to make the connection

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24

Rhyme

The correspondence of sounds between different words, or the ending of words

  • Internal rhymes occur within a line

  • End rhymes occur at the end of lines

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25

Alliteration

The repetition of initial consonant sounds in adjacent or nearby words

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26

Assonance

The repetition of vowel sounds

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27

Consonance

Repetition of consonant sounds anywhere within words

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28

Onomatopoeia

The use of words that create the sounds they describe

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29

Repetition

The recurring use of a sound, a word, a phrase, or a line

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30

Acrostic

The first letter of each line spells out a word or a message

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31

Ballad

A narrative poem which tells a story

Old form of poetry usually set to music

European - 4 line stanzas

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32

Free Verse

Does not have a rhyme or a regular rhythm

common form of poetry due to lack of rigid structure

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33

Sonnet

Rigid structure of 14 lines w/ strict rhyming pattern

Shakespearean - twelve lines in 3 alternating rhymes, following by a rhyming couplet

Italian/Petrarchan - an octave and a sestet

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34

Villanelle

Pastoral/lyrical poem of 19 lines (5 tercets and a final quatrain) with only two rhymes repeated throughout and some lines repeated

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35

Haiku

Japanese poetry which consists of 3 lines w/ a strict syllable count

5-7-5 syllable pattern

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36

Terza Rima

Strict rhyming structure of tercets following (aba,bcb, cdc, ded, etc)

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37

Ode

Formal/ceremonious lyric poem that addresses/celebrates a person, place, thing, or idea. Stanza forms vary and have originally been sung

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38

Blank Verse

Does not contain rhymes but lines are written in iambic pentameter (10 syllables alternating between unstressed and stressed)

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39

Epic

A long, grand narrative poem which tells the heroic journey of a single person or group of people

can be long enough to fill a whole book

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40

Limerick

Often silly and whimsical poem written in 5 lines

The first two lines rhyme with the last and lines 3 and 4 rhyme (also shorter)

Often tell a short, humorous story

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41

Elegy

A mournful, melancholic, or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead

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